1 00:00:05,900 --> 00:00:03,649 hello everybody and welcome to our 2 00:00:08,379 --> 00:00:05,910 latest Hubble hangout this is a place 3 00:00:10,580 --> 00:00:08,389 where you can be on the bleeding edge of 4 00:00:12,860 --> 00:00:10,590 science it's being done with the Hubble 5 00:00:13,999 --> 00:00:12,870 Space Telescope my name is Tony Darnell 6 00:00:16,970 --> 00:00:14,009 and I work at Space Telescope Science 7 00:00:18,710 --> 00:00:16,980 Institute with me to facilitate our 8 00:00:20,240 --> 00:00:18,720 discussion today is my colleague dr. 9 00:00:23,720 --> 00:00:20,250 Carol Christian from the Space Telescope 10 00:00:26,599 --> 00:00:23,730 Science Institute and Scott Lewis from 11 00:00:28,759 --> 00:00:26,609 space fan news and no the cosmos comm so 12 00:00:32,030 --> 00:00:28,769 these guys are going to help be discuss 13 00:00:34,160 --> 00:00:32,040 a very exciting topic today which is the 14 00:00:37,100 --> 00:00:34,170 frontier field survey we're gonna get an 15 00:00:39,740 --> 00:00:37,110 update on one of the largest programs 16 00:00:41,869 --> 00:00:39,750 ever to use the Hubble Space Telescope 17 00:00:43,790 --> 00:00:41,879 very ambitious project we've done 18 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:43,800 hangouts on this before and I will make 19 00:00:48,529 --> 00:00:47,010 sure that we give you guys a good update 20 00:00:49,670 --> 00:00:48,539 as well as a sort a little bit of 21 00:00:51,560 --> 00:00:49,680 background on some of the things we've 22 00:00:54,229 --> 00:00:51,570 done if you've not heard of it before 23 00:00:55,729 --> 00:00:54,239 so before I guess or with the 24 00:00:59,209 --> 00:00:55,739 introductions let me say that we are 25 00:01:02,209 --> 00:00:59,219 monitoring the Q&A app on on YouTube and 26 00:01:04,280 --> 00:01:02,219 G+ as well as the G+ event event page 27 00:01:06,289 --> 00:01:04,290 from which this is being broadcast and 28 00:01:09,800 --> 00:01:06,299 I'm also looking at Twitter with the 29 00:01:12,469 --> 00:01:09,810 hashtag Hubble hangout so plz interact 30 00:01:14,539 --> 00:01:12,479 with us ask us questions comments this 31 00:01:16,460 --> 00:01:14,549 is the time to do it because very 32 00:01:18,890 --> 00:01:16,470 nowhere else will you get this much 33 00:01:21,070 --> 00:01:18,900 up-to-date access to people working 34 00:01:24,170 --> 00:01:21,080 directly with the Hubble Space Telescope 35 00:01:25,640 --> 00:01:24,180 so let's go ahead and get started let me 36 00:01:26,899 --> 00:01:25,650 let me introduce the team members we 37 00:01:29,690 --> 00:01:26,909 have here with us today starting with 38 00:01:31,249 --> 00:01:29,700 dr. Jennifer lot she's the principal 39 00:01:34,910 --> 00:01:31,259 investigator of the frontier fields 40 00:01:36,499 --> 00:01:34,920 survey and she will be giving us some 41 00:01:37,130 --> 00:01:36,509 updates as well as telling us how things 42 00:01:39,200 --> 00:01:37,140 were going 43 00:01:40,700 --> 00:01:39,210 also with us dr. dan Koh you remember 44 00:01:42,230 --> 00:01:40,710 him he's been in several hangouts with 45 00:01:45,289 --> 00:01:42,240 us he's also an astronomer at Space 46 00:01:47,359 --> 00:01:45,299 Telescope Science Institute and he is 47 00:01:49,460 --> 00:01:47,369 going to also give us good insight into 48 00:01:58,670 --> 00:01:49,470 what's going on and for the first time I 49 00:02:00,170 --> 00:01:58,680 have dr. Lewis I'm losing it blue bolt 50 00:02:04,069 --> 00:02:00,180 bulger right that's your last name 51 00:02:06,020 --> 00:02:04,079 Stroller sorry lou Strowger you didn't 52 00:02:07,670 --> 00:02:06,030 have it up and I drew a blank it's also 53 00:02:09,109 --> 00:02:07,680 for the first time and I'm we're gonna 54 00:02:11,390 --> 00:02:09,119 learn about his role on the project as 55 00:02:13,460 --> 00:02:11,400 well as some of his research interests 56 00:02:16,970 --> 00:02:13,470 as well dr. ray Lucas also 57 00:02:20,510 --> 00:02:16,980 a astronomer at the Institute working on 58 00:02:23,780 --> 00:02:20,520 the team dr. Norman Grogan also with us 59 00:02:27,440 --> 00:02:23,790 for the first time so we got three 60 00:02:30,770 --> 00:02:27,450 newbies and I just saw Anton Kokomo join 61 00:02:34,280 --> 00:02:30,780 hello Anton welcome good to see you 62 00:02:34,940 --> 00:02:34,290 again and so let's go ahead and get 63 00:02:36,800 --> 00:02:34,950 started 64 00:02:37,790 --> 00:02:36,810 we as I said will be monitoring all 65 00:02:39,590 --> 00:02:37,800 those different channels for the 66 00:02:41,240 --> 00:02:39,600 questions and comments but let's start 67 00:02:44,830 --> 00:02:41,250 with you Jim why don't you give us a 68 00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:44,840 very brief introduction into the 69 00:02:48,830 --> 00:02:47,130 frontier fields initiative that's what 70 00:02:50,840 --> 00:02:48,840 what the survey is trying to accomplish 71 00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:50,850 and I also want to mention before you 72 00:02:56,480 --> 00:02:52,770 get started that I have put a link in 73 00:02:58,640 --> 00:02:56,490 the description box of the event page on 74 00:03:01,520 --> 00:02:58,650 Google+ to our first hangout so you 75 00:03:03,470 --> 00:03:01,530 could go back watch a lot of what we've 76 00:03:05,900 --> 00:03:03,480 rd back the one we had in October where 77 00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:05,910 we over and and gave a background an 78 00:03:09,470 --> 00:03:07,290 overview of the whole survey when it 79 00:03:12,200 --> 00:03:09,480 just got started so Jennifer want to 80 00:03:15,430 --> 00:03:12,210 give us a brief overview okay sure I'll 81 00:03:21,110 --> 00:03:15,440 try to bring everybody up to speed so 82 00:03:25,430 --> 00:03:21,120 we're now about I don't know six months 83 00:03:28,160 --> 00:03:25,440 into observing this new program called 84 00:03:31,190 --> 00:03:28,170 the frontier fields and the aim of this 85 00:03:35,150 --> 00:03:31,200 program basically is to peer deeper into 86 00:03:37,070 --> 00:03:35,160 the universe than we ever have before so 87 00:03:39,350 --> 00:03:37,080 I think probably many of your listeners 88 00:03:42,560 --> 00:03:39,360 have heard of the Hubble Ultra Deep 89 00:03:45,170 --> 00:03:42,570 Field a new version of that actually 90 00:03:47,630 --> 00:03:45,180 came out quite recently last week was 91 00:03:49,460 --> 00:03:47,640 made made the press there was an 92 00:03:52,580 --> 00:03:49,470 ultraviolet addition to the Ultra Deep 93 00:03:54,740 --> 00:03:52,590 Field so what the frontier fields is 94 00:03:56,840 --> 00:03:54,750 aiming to do is actually to try to peer 95 00:04:00,380 --> 00:03:56,850 deeper into the universe than the Ultra 96 00:04:04,160 --> 00:04:00,390 Deep Field and we're going to do that by 97 00:04:08,210 --> 00:04:04,170 using a trick from Einstein's theory of 98 00:04:11,930 --> 00:04:08,220 general relativity by using very massive 99 00:04:15,650 --> 00:04:11,940 clusters of galaxies as telescopes so 100 00:04:17,780 --> 00:04:15,660 these objects can bend light and space 101 00:04:21,140 --> 00:04:17,790 and act like a telescope and magnify 102 00:04:24,380 --> 00:04:21,150 galaxies behind those clusters and so by 103 00:04:26,600 --> 00:04:24,390 peering very deeply at a very massive 104 00:04:27,260 --> 00:04:26,610 cluster of galaxies we should be able to 105 00:04:29,379 --> 00:04:27,270 see deeper 106 00:04:31,909 --> 00:04:29,389 to the universe than we would otherwise 107 00:04:35,180 --> 00:04:31,919 so the frontier fields is aiming to 108 00:04:38,450 --> 00:04:35,190 observe six of these strong lensing 109 00:04:41,119 --> 00:04:38,460 clusters or also getting parallel blank 110 00:04:43,309 --> 00:04:41,129 fields near to the cluster and we are 111 00:04:44,930 --> 00:04:43,319 almost done with our first cluster 112 00:04:47,210 --> 00:04:44,940 that's going to happen at the end of 113 00:04:49,689 --> 00:04:47,220 this month so we've had a few pretty 114 00:04:53,089 --> 00:04:49,699 images out there but we're really just 115 00:04:55,879 --> 00:04:53,099 as I said getting under way with this 116 00:04:58,369 --> 00:04:55,889 long-term project I have to say it's one 117 00:05:01,159 --> 00:04:58,379 of the most innovative ideas I've heard 118 00:05:02,990 --> 00:05:01,169 in a while using gravitational lensing 119 00:05:05,029 --> 00:05:03,000 to make the Hubble Space Telescope more 120 00:05:06,890 --> 00:05:05,039 powerful than it would otherwise be it's 121 00:05:08,930 --> 00:05:06,900 like adding a pair of that kind of like 122 00:05:10,939 --> 00:05:08,940 adding a Barlow lens to the Hubble right 123 00:05:13,460 --> 00:05:10,949 you can see just a little a little bit 124 00:05:16,040 --> 00:05:13,470 further back and into into this so you 125 00:05:17,749 --> 00:05:16,050 said you're almost done with the first 126 00:05:21,080 --> 00:05:17,759 field I thought we're we were done with 127 00:05:24,920 --> 00:05:21,090 with that one well what we're doing is 128 00:05:28,369 --> 00:05:24,930 for every cluster we're going to it back 129 00:05:30,499 --> 00:05:28,379 to it twice so Hubble has a number of 130 00:05:33,559 --> 00:05:30,509 cameras on it and we're going to we're 131 00:05:35,570 --> 00:05:33,569 turning on two cameras at once one is 132 00:05:38,480 --> 00:05:35,580 the infrared camera the Wide Field 133 00:05:40,399 --> 00:05:38,490 Camera 3 and the other is our trusty 134 00:05:43,879 --> 00:05:40,409 optical camera the advanced camera for 135 00:05:46,339 --> 00:05:43,889 surveys and while one camera is centered 136 00:05:50,420 --> 00:05:46,349 on the cluster the other camera will be 137 00:05:53,300 --> 00:05:50,430 on on a parallel field holding Hubble at 138 00:05:55,490 --> 00:05:53,310 a fixed angle as we collect a lot of 139 00:05:57,439 --> 00:05:55,500 data with those two cameras and then we 140 00:06:00,740 --> 00:05:57,449 have to come back and we have to let 141 00:06:02,209 --> 00:06:00,750 Hubble rotate around and so about six 142 00:06:05,719 --> 00:06:02,219 months later we come back to a field 143 00:06:09,110 --> 00:06:05,729 switching the cameras so now we're back 144 00:06:12,230 --> 00:06:09,120 to a bell 27:44 and we're swap the 145 00:06:15,379 --> 00:06:12,240 cameras so now we have the advanced 146 00:06:18,320 --> 00:06:15,389 camera for surveys on the cluster the 147 00:06:20,570 --> 00:06:18,330 intrud cameras on the parallel field we 148 00:06:22,550 --> 00:06:20,580 got data yesterday we're gonna get data 149 00:06:24,649 --> 00:06:22,560 tomorrow we're getting data all through 150 00:06:28,790 --> 00:06:24,659 the end of this month and then we'll be 151 00:06:30,800 --> 00:06:28,800 done with a bell 27:44 so Carol I don't 152 00:06:32,330 --> 00:06:30,810 want to ask you real quick do you can 153 00:06:40,170 --> 00:06:32,340 you've been associated with Hubble 154 00:07:10,680 --> 00:07:07,749 am I wrong what once I introduced 155 00:07:14,020 --> 00:07:10,690 Frank's hangout with M of the month so 156 00:07:17,740 --> 00:07:14,030 it's so I tend to do that so anyway okay 157 00:07:19,330 --> 00:07:17,750 so can you remember I've I've always 158 00:07:22,420 --> 00:07:19,340 described the frontier fields as being 159 00:07:25,390 --> 00:07:22,430 one of the most ambitious individual 160 00:07:26,860 --> 00:07:25,400 efforts that have been done by those by 161 00:07:28,029 --> 00:07:26,870 the Hubble Space Telescope would you 162 00:07:29,469 --> 00:07:28,039 agree with that statement or is there 163 00:07:33,640 --> 00:07:29,479 something been has there been anything 164 00:07:36,550 --> 00:07:33,650 that's used this much Hubble time well I 165 00:07:38,559 --> 00:07:36,560 think what I would comment on is that 166 00:07:41,589 --> 00:07:38,569 Hubble has gone through a number of 167 00:07:44,439 --> 00:07:41,599 stages and in the early days everybody 168 00:07:46,659 --> 00:07:44,449 was scrambling and so the the way the 169 00:07:49,510 --> 00:07:46,669 time was allocated was to individual 170 00:07:51,520 --> 00:07:49,520 teams there were some what were called 171 00:07:54,760 --> 00:07:51,530 guaranteed time observers and they got 172 00:07:56,560 --> 00:07:54,770 larger chunks of time but in general 173 00:07:58,600 --> 00:07:56,570 we're trying to get everybody in the 174 00:08:00,879 --> 00:07:58,610 Astronomy community to get a piece of 175 00:08:03,700 --> 00:08:00,889 the action and that we had award-winning 176 00:08:05,980 --> 00:08:03,710 proposals then and then with the Hubble 177 00:08:08,110 --> 00:08:05,990 Deep Field that kind of changed things 178 00:08:09,730 --> 00:08:08,120 that changed the game a little bit there 179 00:08:11,890 --> 00:08:09,740 was more cooperation with other 180 00:08:14,320 --> 00:08:11,900 observatories the idea of doing these 181 00:08:16,510 --> 00:08:14,330 deep fields and immediately offering all 182 00:08:19,629 --> 00:08:16,520 the data to the community to do research 183 00:08:21,339 --> 00:08:19,639 on that's that's one of the things is 184 00:08:23,050 --> 00:08:21,349 that the team that you see here is 185 00:08:25,510 --> 00:08:23,060 working very hard and they have their 186 00:08:27,909 --> 00:08:25,520 own science research goals but they are 187 00:08:29,529 --> 00:08:27,919 as soon as this data is fully processed 188 00:08:31,360 --> 00:08:29,539 and they're confident the data has 189 00:08:34,449 --> 00:08:31,370 integrity it's offered to the entire 190 00:08:36,850 --> 00:08:34,459 science community to do research on so 191 00:08:39,670 --> 00:08:36,860 that see change took place over the last 192 00:08:42,850 --> 00:08:39,680 ten years of doing these and so we're I 193 00:08:46,569 --> 00:08:42,860 would say that we've been trying to do 194 00:08:48,699 --> 00:08:46,579 on behalf it's kind of an observatory on 195 00:08:51,519 --> 00:08:48,709 behalf of the community so that 196 00:08:53,920 --> 00:08:51,529 everybody in the community can 197 00:08:56,259 --> 00:08:53,930 fit from the observations but we still 198 00:08:58,389 --> 00:08:56,269 have the normal time allocation process 199 00:09:00,579 --> 00:08:58,399 going on in parallel so people are still 200 00:09:02,800 --> 00:09:00,589 from individual teams applying for their 201 00:09:04,660 --> 00:09:02,810 own data and then we also have these 202 00:09:06,249 --> 00:09:04,670 things called Treasury programs which 203 00:09:08,499 --> 00:09:06,259 has a significant amount of data 204 00:09:10,780 --> 00:09:08,509 associated with them but this is sort of 205 00:09:13,900 --> 00:09:10,790 interesting because frontier fields is 206 00:09:16,030 --> 00:09:13,910 on behalf of the community conducted by 207 00:09:18,009 --> 00:09:16,040 the observatory so I think that's a 208 00:09:20,530 --> 00:09:18,019 little bit so we have now lots of 209 00:09:22,480 --> 00:09:20,540 flavors of kinds of programs done by 210 00:09:24,819 --> 00:09:22,490 Hubble Space Telescope and the fact that 211 00:09:28,170 --> 00:09:24,829 this looks so far back in time and gives 212 00:09:31,629 --> 00:09:28,180 us a little glimpse of what JWST may see 213 00:09:33,790 --> 00:09:31,639 after it's launched in 2018 is really 214 00:09:35,650 --> 00:09:33,800 exciting right and we're gonna get to 215 00:09:37,780 --> 00:09:35,660 the schedule here in just a little bit 216 00:09:38,980 --> 00:09:37,790 about where we are and the observing 217 00:09:41,470 --> 00:09:38,990 program but it sounds like what you're 218 00:09:43,030 --> 00:09:41,480 saying is the nature of the way Hubble 219 00:09:45,160 --> 00:09:43,040 is being used now is there starting to 220 00:09:47,829 --> 00:09:45,170 change and it got it started with the 221 00:09:49,540 --> 00:09:47,839 holder of the Hubble Deep Field and and 222 00:09:52,210 --> 00:09:49,550 also we're realistic we know this 223 00:09:54,610 --> 00:09:52,220 telescope won't last forever what we 224 00:09:56,290 --> 00:09:54,620 pretend like it would oh but we know it 225 00:09:57,939 --> 00:09:56,300 won't and so we're really in the phase 226 00:10:02,319 --> 00:09:57,949 of thinking about what is it that we 227 00:10:06,249 --> 00:10:02,329 have to do with HST you know before 2020 228 00:10:08,079 --> 00:10:06,259 or 2022 when it may not be operating in 229 00:10:10,210 --> 00:10:08,089 an optimal fashion we've got a beautiful 230 00:10:13,480 --> 00:10:10,220 observatory right now let's use it to 231 00:10:16,600 --> 00:10:13,490 its best advantage awesome ok well Dan 232 00:10:19,240 --> 00:10:16,610 so what as Dan Koh I want to ask you 233 00:10:21,490 --> 00:10:19,250 briefly about something that you know 234 00:10:23,220 --> 00:10:21,500 Jennifer alluded to when she was 235 00:10:26,170 --> 00:10:23,230 describing you know how the 236 00:10:28,689 --> 00:10:26,180 gravitational lensing what it will do a 237 00:10:31,569 --> 00:10:28,699 lot of that gravitational lensing when 238 00:10:33,280 --> 00:10:31,579 we look at the galaxy clusters that you 239 00:10:36,309 --> 00:10:33,290 guys have selected which I want to talk 240 00:10:38,019 --> 00:10:36,319 about too in just a minute but the when 241 00:10:40,090 --> 00:10:38,029 you look at those galaxy clusters the 242 00:10:43,569 --> 00:10:40,100 lensing that's happening there a lot of 243 00:10:46,990 --> 00:10:43,579 it is being affected by the dark matter 244 00:10:48,009 --> 00:10:47,000 that is up and around these galaxies 245 00:10:49,329 --> 00:10:48,019 right and I asked you this because 246 00:10:50,470 --> 00:10:49,339 you're my Dark Matter guy whenever I 247 00:10:53,379 --> 00:10:50,480 have a dark amount of question I always 248 00:10:54,970 --> 00:10:53,389 come to you first so I so do a little 249 00:10:56,470 --> 00:10:54,980 bit what how does it how does dark what 250 00:10:58,809 --> 00:10:56,480 does the role Dark Matter plays in some 251 00:11:01,030 --> 00:10:58,819 of this lensing that you're observing so 252 00:11:03,040 --> 00:11:01,040 dark matter is most of the stuff in the 253 00:11:05,199 --> 00:11:03,050 universe and in these galaxies clusters 254 00:11:07,329 --> 00:11:05,209 there's probably a hundred times as much 255 00:11:09,249 --> 00:11:07,339 dark matter is there is of the stuff 256 00:11:12,220 --> 00:11:09,259 that we can see the galaxies themselves 257 00:11:14,199 --> 00:11:12,230 the stars that have burned brightly so 258 00:11:16,239 --> 00:11:14,209 there's there's there's so much mass 259 00:11:18,429 --> 00:11:16,249 there and we can measure how much mass 260 00:11:20,739 --> 00:11:18,439 is there by this gravitational lensing 261 00:11:22,829 --> 00:11:20,749 effect and so I brought my handy 262 00:11:25,030 --> 00:11:22,839 gravitational lens here this is a 263 00:11:26,590 --> 00:11:25,040 plastic lens and I've shown this on 264 00:11:28,210 --> 00:11:26,600 these these hangouts before you bet you 265 00:11:30,309 --> 00:11:28,220 may have seen it before but basically 266 00:11:32,859 --> 00:11:30,319 it's it's ground to have a shape that's 267 00:11:35,590 --> 00:11:32,869 that's similar to exactly similar to a 268 00:11:38,769 --> 00:11:35,600 black hole okay before you start we star 269 00:11:41,079 --> 00:11:38,779 Scott would you put up one of the fields 270 00:11:42,819 --> 00:11:41,089 one of the fields that it doesn't matter 271 00:11:44,919 --> 00:11:42,829 which one one of the frontier fields 272 00:11:48,220 --> 00:11:44,929 with a per image because you let's take 273 00:11:49,809 --> 00:11:48,230 a look at that that what the the Hubble 274 00:11:51,220 --> 00:11:49,819 is actually taking a picture of him then 275 00:11:55,629 --> 00:11:51,230 we'll go to Dan's demo to kind of give 276 00:11:58,179 --> 00:11:55,639 it a little bit of more of knowledge 277 00:12:00,160 --> 00:11:58,189 there okay so your so you see one of the 278 00:12:03,939 --> 00:12:00,170 fields on the right is the galaxy 279 00:12:06,040 --> 00:12:03,949 cluster that is you can see all of these 280 00:12:09,160 --> 00:12:06,050 kind of elongated shapes that are kind 281 00:12:11,289 --> 00:12:09,170 of in the center of this galaxy some of 282 00:12:14,919 --> 00:12:11,299 the some of these galaxies are actually 283 00:12:17,019 --> 00:12:14,929 a little bit distorted this one's not 284 00:12:18,639 --> 00:12:17,029 there's not have the most biggest 285 00:12:20,319 --> 00:12:18,649 examples of what I'm talking about but 286 00:12:22,419 --> 00:12:20,329 you kind of get a sense of some of these 287 00:12:24,189 --> 00:12:22,429 galaxies are squished some of them are a 288 00:12:29,199 --> 00:12:24,199 little bit stretched out and that's due 289 00:12:30,249 --> 00:12:29,209 to the changing or the bending of the 290 00:12:33,309 --> 00:12:30,259 light as it goes through the 291 00:12:36,400 --> 00:12:33,319 gravitational wells of the of the of the 292 00:12:38,859 --> 00:12:36,410 galaxy cluster so with this in mind Dan 293 00:12:41,679 --> 00:12:38,869 go ahead alright so we have light coming 294 00:12:44,949 --> 00:12:41,689 from a distant galaxy right a cluster 295 00:12:47,259 --> 00:12:44,959 okay I'll let you take it yeah so so 296 00:12:51,100 --> 00:12:47,269 this is this is the most distant galaxy 297 00:12:52,749 --> 00:12:51,110 we know yet so this was found in a 298 00:12:54,999 --> 00:12:52,759 previous program it's exactly 299 00:12:57,280 --> 00:12:55,009 gravitationally lends itself and it's 300 00:12:59,199 --> 00:12:57,290 still pretty small but I have it here on 301 00:13:01,090 --> 00:12:59,209 my phone and and when what happens is 302 00:13:02,949 --> 00:13:01,100 when you pass a gravitational lens in 303 00:13:05,350 --> 00:13:02,959 front of a distant galaxy it gets 304 00:13:06,639 --> 00:13:05,360 magnified here let me bring up myself a 305 00:13:09,340 --> 00:13:06,649 bit bigger ik and I can see what I'm 306 00:13:10,749 --> 00:13:09,350 doing here so bring this this lens in 307 00:13:12,759 --> 00:13:10,759 front of it and it magnifies that 308 00:13:15,009 --> 00:13:12,769 distant galaxy so it makes it bigger we 309 00:13:16,840 --> 00:13:15,019 can see it better it also makes makes 310 00:13:19,040 --> 00:13:16,850 different arcs that you see in these 311 00:13:22,250 --> 00:13:19,050 images and it even makes multiple image 312 00:13:24,830 --> 00:13:22,260 and we see all of these same effects in 313 00:13:28,280 --> 00:13:24,840 these in these actual Hubble images and 314 00:13:30,890 --> 00:13:28,290 this is how we we see that the distant 315 00:13:32,690 --> 00:13:30,900 galaxies better but we can also map out 316 00:13:34,160 --> 00:13:32,700 the dark matter that's in this galaxy 317 00:13:36,110 --> 00:13:34,170 cluster so most of the mass that's in 318 00:13:37,430 --> 00:13:36,120 this galaxy cluster is stuff that we 319 00:13:39,830 --> 00:13:37,440 don't know what it is yet it's dark 320 00:13:42,080 --> 00:13:39,840 matter we can't see it but by measuring 321 00:13:44,810 --> 00:13:42,090 these deflections of the light we can 322 00:13:46,880 --> 00:13:44,820 tell how much mass is there to bet in 323 00:13:48,800 --> 00:13:46,890 space and time and in that amount to 324 00:13:51,740 --> 00:13:48,810 deflect the light around it and to tell 325 00:13:53,510 --> 00:13:51,750 us how powerful that lens it's so so put 326 00:13:57,020 --> 00:13:53,520 that back up just a so the analogy here 327 00:13:58,550 --> 00:13:57,030 is look at the pink and the yellow parts 328 00:13:59,570 --> 00:13:58,560 of the light on Dan's phone there that's 329 00:14:01,220 --> 00:13:59,580 the net that's the light don't worry 330 00:14:03,770 --> 00:14:01,230 about the reflections on the wineglasses 331 00:14:07,190 --> 00:14:03,780 right and but that's what's being in the 332 00:14:09,050 --> 00:14:07,200 the wineglass bottom is the analogy of 333 00:14:11,390 --> 00:14:09,060 what I see 334 00:14:13,190 --> 00:14:11,400 cluster lensing and that's the actual 335 00:14:15,230 --> 00:14:13,200 lens now I want to get to the lens 336 00:14:16,940 --> 00:14:15,240 models that are being used to figure 337 00:14:19,010 --> 00:14:16,950 this out later and we'll go back to this 338 00:14:20,540 --> 00:14:19,020 wine glass in just a second but that's 339 00:14:22,730 --> 00:14:20,550 what you want to pay attention to and 340 00:14:25,520 --> 00:14:22,740 that to me is one of the most easiest 341 00:14:27,380 --> 00:14:25,530 ways to see what the heck is going on in 342 00:14:28,490 --> 00:14:27,390 in gravitational lensing so thank you 343 00:14:31,490 --> 00:14:28,500 very much Dan now you didn't ask my 344 00:14:34,070 --> 00:14:31,500 question though how is dark matter 345 00:14:37,370 --> 00:14:34,080 playing the dominant role yes wincing 346 00:14:39,170 --> 00:14:37,380 absolutely under times more Dark Matter 347 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:39,180 than that stuff that we can see and if 348 00:14:42,740 --> 00:14:41,010 it wasn't for the dark matter that these 349 00:14:45,170 --> 00:14:42,750 magnification effects would be much 350 00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:45,180 weaker and these these cosmic telescopes 351 00:14:50,150 --> 00:14:46,890 wouldn't magnify the distant galaxies 352 00:14:53,060 --> 00:14:50,160 nearly as much okay okay so that's a 353 00:14:55,250 --> 00:14:53,070 brief intro into what frontier fields is 354 00:14:57,770 --> 00:14:55,260 doing and why they're - and when done 355 00:15:00,140 --> 00:14:57,780 and how they're doing in and what the 356 00:15:02,090 --> 00:15:00,150 what they're looking at we didn't really 357 00:15:03,470 --> 00:15:02,100 talk about the parallel fields right now 358 00:15:05,600 --> 00:15:03,480 but maybe we'll get we'll get a chance 359 00:15:07,390 --> 00:15:05,610 to do that but one of the questions the 360 00:15:10,330 --> 00:15:07,400 frontier fields is trying to answer is 361 00:15:12,470 --> 00:15:10,340 is the Hubble ultra-deep field 362 00:15:14,810 --> 00:15:12,480 ubiquitous I mean if we look in other 363 00:15:16,340 --> 00:15:14,820 areas of the sky what will we see will 364 00:15:18,260 --> 00:15:16,350 we see nothing or will we see more 365 00:15:19,970 --> 00:15:18,270 galaxies like we did in the Ultra Deep 366 00:15:21,500 --> 00:15:19,980 Field than if we did what will they look 367 00:15:23,180 --> 00:15:21,510 like will they be distributed more or 368 00:15:24,770 --> 00:15:23,190 less the same so these are really 369 00:15:27,220 --> 00:15:24,780 important questions that ultimately go 370 00:15:29,660 --> 00:15:27,230 into our place in the universe and so 371 00:15:32,260 --> 00:15:29,670 that by looking at all that these just 372 00:15:33,639 --> 00:15:32,270 six different areas of the sky 373 00:15:36,340 --> 00:15:33,649 they're hoping to help answer that 374 00:15:39,040 --> 00:15:36,350 question now I want to ask I'm not sure 375 00:15:43,750 --> 00:15:39,050 to who maybe Jennifer why did you pick 376 00:15:47,940 --> 00:15:43,760 the six clusters you did oh well that 377 00:15:51,280 --> 00:15:47,950 was a very difficult task actually so 378 00:15:53,829 --> 00:15:51,290 this idea was originally conceived by a 379 00:15:56,350 --> 00:15:53,839 science working group and that working 380 00:15:58,810 --> 00:15:56,360 group you know pulled a bunch of experts 381 00:16:00,639 --> 00:15:58,820 and pulled together a list of like 20 or 382 00:16:03,670 --> 00:16:00,649 30 clusters that they thought might be 383 00:16:06,790 --> 00:16:03,680 good candidates that would be very 384 00:16:09,550 --> 00:16:06,800 strong lenders and then they gave us a 385 00:16:14,170 --> 00:16:09,560 long list of criteria one of which being 386 00:16:16,780 --> 00:16:14,180 you know you had to be able to you know 387 00:16:19,480 --> 00:16:16,790 have a high probability of finding very 388 00:16:22,960 --> 00:16:19,490 distant galaxies that would be very 389 00:16:25,570 --> 00:16:22,970 strongly lensed the galaxy cluster had 390 00:16:27,820 --> 00:16:25,580 to fit within our cut our camera right 391 00:16:29,949 --> 00:16:27,830 so it could be too far away it couldn't 392 00:16:31,540 --> 00:16:29,959 be too close it had to sort of be there 393 00:16:35,199 --> 00:16:31,550 just the right distance to fit within 394 00:16:38,769 --> 00:16:35,209 within the camera and it also needed to 395 00:16:41,800 --> 00:16:38,779 be in a really dark piece of sky right 396 00:16:44,170 --> 00:16:41,810 so that actually posed kind of a problem 397 00:16:49,060 --> 00:16:44,180 by not sort of out of the plane of the 398 00:16:51,250 --> 00:16:49,070 galaxy so we live in a galaxy and if 399 00:16:54,250 --> 00:16:51,260 you've ever seen the Milky Way you're 400 00:16:56,769 --> 00:16:54,260 seeing you know a lot of stars and 401 00:16:58,810 --> 00:16:56,779 actually a lot of dust that's associated 402 00:17:00,940 --> 00:16:58,820 with our galaxy and that makes are 403 00:17:03,490 --> 00:17:00,950 really really hard to see distant faint 404 00:17:06,610 --> 00:17:03,500 galaxies that are not you know part of 405 00:17:10,210 --> 00:17:06,620 our Milky not part of the Milky Way and 406 00:17:12,189 --> 00:17:10,220 so we wanted to avoid all of that junk 407 00:17:15,040 --> 00:17:12,199 that's in our galaxy when we were 408 00:17:17,140 --> 00:17:15,050 looking at distant distant clusters so 409 00:17:20,230 --> 00:17:17,150 we had to throw out a bunch of clusters 410 00:17:23,110 --> 00:17:20,240 because of that we also had to throw out 411 00:17:25,030 --> 00:17:23,120 clusters that were too close to the 412 00:17:26,770 --> 00:17:25,040 plane of our solar system because 413 00:17:30,310 --> 00:17:26,780 they're scattered light so diet coal 414 00:17:33,460 --> 00:17:30,320 it-- that would also make it difficult 415 00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:33,470 to see really really faint objects and 416 00:17:38,860 --> 00:17:35,450 then we had some other criteria we 417 00:17:41,940 --> 00:17:38,870 wanted it these clusters to be easily 418 00:17:45,159 --> 00:17:41,950 followed up by facilities on the ground 419 00:17:47,979 --> 00:17:45,169 so in particular there 420 00:17:51,249 --> 00:17:47,989 a telescope or actually a whole set of 421 00:17:51,669 --> 00:17:51,259 telescopes in the deserts of Chile 422 00:17:55,690 --> 00:17:51,679 called 423 00:17:58,060 --> 00:17:55,700 Alma which is a millimeter telescope and 424 00:18:02,109 --> 00:17:58,070 we thought that that telescope would be 425 00:18:04,479 --> 00:18:02,119 really good and powerful and perhaps be 426 00:18:07,570 --> 00:18:04,489 able to follow up any very faint distant 427 00:18:08,799 --> 00:18:07,580 galaxies that we found with Hubble and 428 00:18:11,229 --> 00:18:08,809 then of course the other great 429 00:18:14,919 --> 00:18:11,239 telescopes on the ground are in Hawaii 430 00:18:16,450 --> 00:18:14,929 on Mauna Kea and we wanted it to be 431 00:18:18,489 --> 00:18:16,460 observable from Mauna Kea 432 00:18:20,799 --> 00:18:18,499 so when you add all those you know 433 00:18:24,789 --> 00:18:20,809 selection criteria you actually end up 434 00:18:27,070 --> 00:18:24,799 with a very small list of good places in 435 00:18:28,779 --> 00:18:27,080 the sky and a small list of clusters 436 00:18:31,599 --> 00:18:28,789 well I'll say I mean it must be hard 437 00:18:33,700 --> 00:18:31,609 enough just to find somebody who can get 438 00:18:35,739 --> 00:18:33,710 the alignment right I mean that alone 439 00:18:37,269 --> 00:18:35,749 you know Swit seem to be a real real big 440 00:18:39,249 --> 00:18:37,279 filter in terms of what you can observe 441 00:18:40,269 --> 00:18:39,259 but I guess the ground Observatory part 442 00:18:41,830 --> 00:18:40,279 of it also makes it even more 443 00:18:47,289 --> 00:18:41,840 restrictive because you've got to do it 444 00:18:50,830 --> 00:18:47,299 where they can see - I want I jump in 445 00:18:52,479 --> 00:18:50,840 and just add this is Norman Norman also 446 00:18:54,879 --> 00:18:52,489 helped a lot with this process by all 447 00:18:56,739 --> 00:18:54,889 means go ahead that even even once we 448 00:18:58,810 --> 00:18:56,749 had the most desirable candidates 449 00:19:01,570 --> 00:18:58,820 selected we ran into trouble that this 450 00:19:04,599 --> 00:19:01,580 is such a large program that certain 451 00:19:06,279 --> 00:19:04,609 targets could not be observed in tandem 452 00:19:09,519 --> 00:19:06,289 just because Hubble did not have enough 453 00:19:11,999 --> 00:19:09,529 time of the day to point at those 454 00:19:14,320 --> 00:19:12,009 targets simultaneously so even beyond 455 00:19:16,479 --> 00:19:14,330 scientific desirability we had an issue 456 00:19:18,099 --> 00:19:16,489 with schedule ability and we had 457 00:19:20,649 --> 00:19:18,109 something of a jigsaw puzzle to solve 458 00:19:23,349 --> 00:19:20,659 where each season is it where we were 459 00:19:27,129 --> 00:19:23,359 doing a target and couldn't overlap as 460 00:19:30,759 --> 00:19:27,139 we can only do so much at one time cool 461 00:19:32,950 --> 00:19:30,769 so okay so I want to get to a little bit 462 00:19:33,909 --> 00:19:32,960 of where we are now so and then I want 463 00:19:36,369 --> 00:19:33,919 to get to some of the some of the 464 00:19:38,859 --> 00:19:36,379 science that Ray and Lois Lee or lured 465 00:19:40,899 --> 00:19:38,869 are involved in but Jennifer can you 466 00:19:42,879 --> 00:19:40,909 give us a quick update where are we now 467 00:19:47,379 --> 00:19:42,889 where's the I mean the project started 468 00:19:50,320 --> 00:19:47,389 back in October yes observing in October 469 00:19:53,200 --> 00:19:50,330 so as I said we're aiming to do six 470 00:19:56,499 --> 00:19:53,210 clusters we want to do two clusters a 471 00:19:58,510 --> 00:19:56,509 year and we have to go and look at each 472 00:20:01,900 --> 00:19:58,520 cluster every 473 00:20:03,820 --> 00:20:01,910 twice so come back after six months so 474 00:20:06,669 --> 00:20:03,830 we started in October with the first 475 00:20:14,160 --> 00:20:06,679 observations of a bell 2740 so I think 476 00:20:25,799 --> 00:20:17,980 the schedule yeah I like this Norman can 477 00:20:29,320 --> 00:20:25,809 you zoom in enhance so we went to a bell 478 00:20:31,720 --> 00:20:29,330 27:44 got some data then we switched 479 00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:31,730 over to the second cluster max oh four 480 00:20:38,169 --> 00:20:34,010 one six got some data and now we're back 481 00:20:39,820 --> 00:20:38,179 at a Bell 27:44 and as I said I think 482 00:20:42,669 --> 00:20:39,830 we'll be done by the end of the month 483 00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:42,679 with that our very first you know field 484 00:20:47,410 --> 00:20:44,330 for which we've collected all the data 485 00:20:49,660 --> 00:20:47,420 with both cameras on both the parallel 486 00:20:58,600 --> 00:20:49,670 and cluster fields this isn't quite oh I 487 00:21:00,520 --> 00:20:58,610 saw that going well this one has overlap 488 00:21:01,419 --> 00:21:00,530 with Spitzer observations so that's 489 00:21:03,370 --> 00:21:01,429 right 490 00:21:07,510 --> 00:21:03,380 that you're also using the Spitzer Space 491 00:21:09,549 --> 00:21:07,520 Telescope to gather observations to that 492 00:21:10,930 --> 00:21:09,559 is not on this schedule which is what 493 00:21:16,810 --> 00:21:10,940 Scott is showing which is from our 494 00:21:18,840 --> 00:21:16,820 webpage which is the Green is what has 495 00:21:22,960 --> 00:21:18,850 why you explained it to us 496 00:21:25,780 --> 00:21:22,970 maybe norm can explain this Norman well 497 00:21:30,240 --> 00:21:25,790 so I think this is a bit of that a 498 00:21:32,799 --> 00:21:30,250 jigsaw puzzle I was describing which is 499 00:21:35,020 --> 00:21:32,809 block block my face but we come back 500 00:21:40,510 --> 00:21:35,030 twice with every target so so where you 501 00:21:42,460 --> 00:21:40,520 see when you figure on the calendar 502 00:21:44,080 --> 00:21:42,470 we're learning that target and all the 503 00:21:46,120 --> 00:21:44,090 target names are over here on the side 504 00:21:47,560 --> 00:21:46,130 at some point I'll dredge up the actual 505 00:21:50,320 --> 00:21:47,570 electronic version hopefully by the end 506 00:21:54,220 --> 00:21:50,330 of the call no this is way more fun and 507 00:21:56,650 --> 00:21:54,230 so there's a blanket between the colored 508 00:21:59,350 --> 00:21:56,660 bands where and and there were you know 509 00:22:02,710 --> 00:21:59,360 all analyzing data doing Google Hangouts 510 00:22:05,169 --> 00:22:02,720 that sort of thing but you can see for 511 00:22:07,840 --> 00:22:05,179 most of the next or the current year in 512 00:22:09,909 --> 00:22:07,850 the next two years we plan to be doing 513 00:22:11,510 --> 00:22:09,919 these observations so we're going to be 514 00:22:14,420 --> 00:22:11,520 quite busy 515 00:22:16,300 --> 00:22:14,430 and as I mentioned earlier we needed to 516 00:22:19,600 --> 00:22:16,310 pick targets that in some sense were 517 00:22:22,280 --> 00:22:19,610 spring fall targets paired off with 518 00:22:24,530 --> 00:22:22,290 winter summer targets so that we don't 519 00:22:27,530 --> 00:22:24,540 have much overlap of Hubbell trying to 520 00:22:29,170 --> 00:22:27,540 do any two different fields at once 521 00:22:31,490 --> 00:22:29,180 because that would just be too many 522 00:22:34,730 --> 00:22:31,500 orbits of Hubbell to try to get done in 523 00:22:36,680 --> 00:22:34,740 that amount of time so on the far right 524 00:22:39,530 --> 00:22:36,690 or the far left I should say are the is 525 00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:39,540 the individual I'll put Scott's up here 526 00:22:46,340 --> 00:22:41,970 so you can put your to rest 527 00:22:48,440 --> 00:22:46,350 so the on the far far left is the galaxy 528 00:22:49,940 --> 00:22:48,450 cluster and and then throughout other 529 00:22:53,120 --> 00:22:49,950 dates for when everything is going to 530 00:22:55,850 --> 00:22:53,130 get observed it's right now a bell 27:44 531 00:23:00,260 --> 00:22:55,860 has been your starting your second pass 532 00:23:03,380 --> 00:23:00,270 on that one and what's the other one 533 00:23:04,910 --> 00:23:03,390 max oh four sixteen is that how I say 534 00:23:09,410 --> 00:23:04,920 that Jo four sixteen is that how you 535 00:23:10,640 --> 00:23:09,420 guys Branson oh that one is complete is 536 00:23:13,340 --> 00:23:10,650 that right is that what your blog said 537 00:23:14,990 --> 00:23:13,350 first oh no we're coming back to it in 538 00:23:17,720 --> 00:23:15,000 August oh you come back to us right 539 00:23:19,070 --> 00:23:17,730 that's right okay so the blog the blog 540 00:23:20,810 --> 00:23:19,080 post that I read said that you were 541 00:23:22,100 --> 00:23:20,820 finished with the first the first part 542 00:23:24,350 --> 00:23:22,110 of it that's right 543 00:23:26,270 --> 00:23:24,360 advanced camera for surveys for the main 544 00:23:29,270 --> 00:23:26,280 field and the wide field camera for the 545 00:23:32,810 --> 00:23:29,280 the parallel fields and and looking at 546 00:23:35,480 --> 00:23:32,820 this schedule okay remember that all the 547 00:23:37,790 --> 00:23:35,490 other observations have been that Hubble 548 00:23:41,420 --> 00:23:37,800 is doing has to fit in a schedule like 549 00:23:43,190 --> 00:23:41,430 this so imagine every one of the 550 00:23:45,590 --> 00:23:43,200 observations that is being done by all 551 00:23:47,510 --> 00:23:45,600 the community fold it into a calendar 552 00:23:50,420 --> 00:23:47,520 like this and that's what scheduling is 553 00:23:51,380 --> 00:23:50,430 like yeah clearly find us all the Hubble 554 00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:51,390 time which you know would have been 555 00:24:01,850 --> 00:23:55,410 lovely but Fields gets the highest 556 00:24:03,920 --> 00:24:01,860 priority obvious we've tried to make our 557 00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:03,930 program friendly to other observing 558 00:24:07,430 --> 00:24:05,490 that's going on that's that's why these 559 00:24:10,280 --> 00:24:07,440 bands of color here as wide as they are 560 00:24:12,080 --> 00:24:10,290 we try to allow for other people to get 561 00:24:14,030 --> 00:24:12,090 their work done without impinging on the 562 00:24:17,990 --> 00:24:14,040 schedule too severely we've had a few 563 00:24:20,240 --> 00:24:18,000 interesting schedule issues so anything 564 00:24:23,330 --> 00:24:20,250 you care to share just uh just work they 565 00:24:24,370 --> 00:24:23,340 just worked out okay um well I could I 566 00:24:27,039 --> 00:24:24,380 can explain 567 00:24:30,850 --> 00:24:27,049 issue that we came up with that actually 568 00:24:36,220 --> 00:24:30,860 the the people ray and Anton actually 569 00:24:39,190 --> 00:24:36,230 helped us solve quite quickly so during 570 00:24:41,409 --> 00:24:39,200 our last observing epoch which was max 571 00:24:44,200 --> 00:24:41,419 oh four one six 572 00:24:47,080 --> 00:24:44,210 we had infrared observations of the 573 00:24:49,000 --> 00:24:47,090 parallel field and there's a unique 574 00:24:51,669 --> 00:24:49,010 characteristic for infrared cameras and 575 00:24:54,279 --> 00:24:51,679 that sometimes if you go and observe 576 00:24:56,649 --> 00:24:54,289 something extremely bright it takes a 577 00:24:59,080 --> 00:24:56,659 while it can leave kind of a light and 578 00:25:01,870 --> 00:24:59,090 echo in the camera something that we 579 00:25:06,730 --> 00:25:01,880 call persistence and we ended up 580 00:25:09,340 --> 00:25:06,740 catching persistence in one of our a set 581 00:25:11,350 --> 00:25:09,350 of our observations for the frontier 582 00:25:13,600 --> 00:25:11,360 fields and it turns out actually that 583 00:25:15,760 --> 00:25:13,610 was coming from a planet or from an 584 00:25:18,279 --> 00:25:15,770 exoplanet observation that happened 585 00:25:20,470 --> 00:25:18,289 about ten hours before before our 586 00:25:22,539 --> 00:25:20,480 observations okay wait wait wait so you 587 00:25:24,730 --> 00:25:22,549 have to explain this to me a persistence 588 00:25:27,039 --> 00:25:24,740 means you were getting up observations 589 00:25:29,110 --> 00:25:27,049 from a previous you were still getting 590 00:25:30,130 --> 00:25:29,120 that's right signals from a previous 591 00:25:33,190 --> 00:25:30,140 Hubble observation 592 00:25:36,130 --> 00:25:33,200 yeah so that that that was looking at an 593 00:25:38,169 --> 00:25:36,140 incredibly bright star and spreading the 594 00:25:40,570 --> 00:25:38,179 light out of That star over most of the 595 00:25:43,810 --> 00:25:40,580 infrared camera and they were looking 596 00:25:46,870 --> 00:25:43,820 for very faint variations in the 597 00:25:49,240 --> 00:25:46,880 brightness of That star due to a planet 598 00:25:50,710 --> 00:25:49,250 going around that star you like sure 599 00:25:52,539 --> 00:25:50,720 yeah so they were kind of doing the 600 00:25:54,310 --> 00:25:52,549 exact opposite of what we're doing right 601 00:25:56,289 --> 00:25:54,320 we're looking for very tiny little faint 602 00:25:58,840 --> 00:25:56,299 dots and they're looking at really 603 00:26:00,669 --> 00:25:58,850 really bright stars you can annoy Hubble 604 00:26:02,620 --> 00:26:00,679 you keep doing this right right so they 605 00:26:05,500 --> 00:26:02,630 were getting their observations shortly 606 00:26:08,620 --> 00:26:05,510 before ours and there was a signal left 607 00:26:11,230 --> 00:26:08,630 over and in the camera but because we 608 00:26:13,990 --> 00:26:11,240 have a crack team our team is looking at 609 00:26:16,390 --> 00:26:14,000 the data as soon as it comes off the 610 00:26:19,539 --> 00:26:16,400 camera like like you know within within 611 00:26:21,340 --> 00:26:19,549 hours array and an amped honor are 612 00:26:22,870 --> 00:26:21,350 working on that and Ray is one of the 613 00:26:25,840 --> 00:26:22,880 people that does our data quality 614 00:26:29,230 --> 00:26:25,850 inspections and caught it quite quickly 615 00:26:30,730 --> 00:26:29,240 and you know this is a problem for us 616 00:26:33,789 --> 00:26:30,740 but it's not just a problem for us it's 617 00:26:35,830 --> 00:26:33,799 a problem for other Hubble users who 618 00:26:38,259 --> 00:26:35,840 have observations after these and so 619 00:26:40,299 --> 00:26:38,269 because of that we were able to 620 00:26:42,820 --> 00:26:40,309 to change the schedule and change the 621 00:26:44,949 --> 00:26:42,830 way that those observations are now 622 00:26:46,359 --> 00:26:44,959 planned oh good well I want to get to 623 00:26:48,849 --> 00:26:46,369 some of the surprises you guys have run 624 00:26:50,259 --> 00:26:48,859 across so far but would you so ray you 625 00:26:54,519 --> 00:26:50,269 want comment on that what was that like 626 00:26:55,749 --> 00:26:54,529 give the you know this while you're at 627 00:26:57,159 --> 00:26:55,759 it won't you go and explain to us what 628 00:26:59,099 --> 00:26:57,169 your what you're doing on the project is 629 00:27:02,680 --> 00:26:59,109 about one of the roles that you have 630 00:27:05,820 --> 00:27:02,690 well in deference to Carol and other 631 00:27:18,009 --> 00:27:05,830 folks I may be the oldest on here 632 00:27:20,099 --> 00:27:18,019 forever I actually got into this deep 633 00:27:29,079 --> 00:27:20,109 fields business 634 00:27:33,219 --> 00:27:29,089 in the early 90s when I was working with 635 00:27:36,219 --> 00:27:33,229 Alan Dressler's programs to observe 636 00:27:37,690 --> 00:27:36,229 medium distance galaxies clusters these 637 00:27:40,299 --> 00:27:37,700 weren't particularly known for having 638 00:27:43,149 --> 00:27:40,309 lenses and arcs and and that sort of 639 00:27:47,560 --> 00:27:43,159 thing as any prominent part of them but 640 00:27:49,629 --> 00:27:47,570 I worked on that with him as his 641 00:27:54,159 --> 00:27:49,639 Institute contact here in a number of 642 00:27:57,879 --> 00:27:54,169 ways and then leading that helped 643 00:28:02,079 --> 00:27:57,889 inspire the original Hubble Deep Field 644 00:28:05,019 --> 00:28:02,089 and so I was asked to help with some of 645 00:28:07,060 --> 00:28:05,029 that started out in a very informal way 646 00:28:09,459 --> 00:28:07,070 we were all just sort of deciding or 647 00:28:11,529 --> 00:28:09,469 talking about what could we do and 648 00:28:14,019 --> 00:28:11,539 various other things happened it grew 649 00:28:17,529 --> 00:28:14,029 into the project that we all know it 650 00:28:21,849 --> 00:28:17,539 turned into but I was part of that and 651 00:28:24,219 --> 00:28:21,859 then the Hubble Deep Field south that 652 00:28:25,629 --> 00:28:24,229 you were gonna get those get any real 653 00:28:28,930 --> 00:28:25,639 native back then wasn't it but wasn't 654 00:28:31,719 --> 00:28:28,940 that kind of a risky it was viewed that 655 00:28:34,449 --> 00:28:31,729 way by people a lot back then there were 656 00:28:37,869 --> 00:28:34,459 a lot of guff but there were a number of 657 00:28:40,989 --> 00:28:37,879 people actually who you know for better 658 00:28:43,029 --> 00:28:40,999 or worse from their own perspective were 659 00:28:46,569 --> 00:28:43,039 asked if they might be interested in 660 00:28:47,979 --> 00:28:46,579 helping do we do this or that and you 661 00:28:50,139 --> 00:28:47,989 know there were a number of people who 662 00:28:50,450 --> 00:28:50,149 for their own reasons and you know they 663 00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:50,460 had 664 00:28:55,490 --> 00:28:53,010 priorities but they you know felt you 665 00:28:57,650 --> 00:28:55,500 know I really might sink a lot of my 666 00:28:59,120 --> 00:28:57,660 time into this when I've got other 667 00:29:02,000 --> 00:28:59,130 things that I need to do with my career 668 00:29:04,760 --> 00:29:02,010 that I know are more certain and you 669 00:29:08,450 --> 00:29:04,770 know they didn't do it and you know it's 670 00:29:10,100 --> 00:29:08,460 I I I don't think people judge me my 671 00:29:11,930 --> 00:29:10,110 career right now then well but I don't 672 00:29:14,360 --> 00:29:11,940 think those people should be faulted for 673 00:29:16,820 --> 00:29:14,370 it really because you know they no one 674 00:29:19,070 --> 00:29:16,830 ever knows for sure how things will turn 675 00:29:20,750 --> 00:29:19,080 out and you know they had definite 676 00:29:23,030 --> 00:29:20,760 things that they wanted to work on that 677 00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:23,040 they could clearly see they had plenty 678 00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:26,250 to do with so I think it's sort of a 679 00:29:34,850 --> 00:29:32,010 combination of okay I can I can see some 680 00:29:37,220 --> 00:29:34,860 time or interest enough in myself to 681 00:29:38,870 --> 00:29:37,230 want to try this and enough of a sense 682 00:29:41,360 --> 00:29:38,880 of you know being part of something 683 00:29:45,170 --> 00:29:41,370 that's risky but could turn out to be 684 00:29:46,700 --> 00:29:45,180 historic and you know you you just do it 685 00:29:50,030 --> 00:29:46,710 and that's a decision that everyone has 686 00:29:53,960 --> 00:29:50,040 to make for themselves as I said I got 687 00:29:56,210 --> 00:29:53,970 involved in it because I was being asked 688 00:29:58,760 --> 00:29:56,220 you know can we do this kind of thing 689 00:30:04,640 --> 00:29:58,770 even is it feasible with the telescope 690 00:30:06,850 --> 00:30:04,650 and that role sort of propagated into 691 00:30:10,250 --> 00:30:06,860 several other programs that we worked on 692 00:30:11,780 --> 00:30:10,260 as I said after the original Hubble Deep 693 00:30:14,360 --> 00:30:11,790 Field I worked on the Hubble Deep Field 694 00:30:21,860 --> 00:30:14,370 south and then the Hubble Ultra Deep 695 00:30:23,840 --> 00:30:21,870 Field and and for some very large geo 696 00:30:25,460 --> 00:30:23,850 programs guest observer or general 697 00:30:31,030 --> 00:30:25,470 observer programs that go through the 698 00:30:34,460 --> 00:30:31,040 peer review unlike these programs do I 699 00:30:37,010 --> 00:30:34,470 you know I was in the role of one called 700 00:30:39,680 --> 00:30:37,020 Goods at first of trying to figure out 701 00:30:41,600 --> 00:30:39,690 if we could do it at all and then 702 00:30:44,330 --> 00:30:41,610 thankfully Norman came along and ever 703 00:30:46,610 --> 00:30:44,340 since has been taking over that kind of 704 00:30:48,700 --> 00:30:46,620 stuff in great detail and I'm very 705 00:30:51,440 --> 00:30:48,710 grateful for Norman 706 00:30:54,710 --> 00:30:51,450 because he's very good at it and it's 707 00:30:56,690 --> 00:30:54,720 very hard work it involves a lot of 708 00:31:01,100 --> 00:30:56,700 iteration back and forth finding all 709 00:31:04,420 --> 00:31:01,110 kinds of problems as he mentioned you 710 00:31:07,820 --> 00:31:04,430 know things like target visibility times 711 00:31:09,890 --> 00:31:07,830 guidestar lack of guide stars all of 712 00:31:11,750 --> 00:31:09,900 these operational issues like that that 713 00:31:14,920 --> 00:31:11,760 have to be factored in to actually make 714 00:31:17,420 --> 00:31:14,930 the observations and as far as my own 715 00:31:23,390 --> 00:31:17,430 part in this I mean I originally got 716 00:31:26,390 --> 00:31:23,400 involved in this at the early level or 717 00:31:28,670 --> 00:31:26,400 early time sort of talking about things 718 00:31:31,190 --> 00:31:28,680 like general advice historical 719 00:31:33,110 --> 00:31:31,200 precedents things that we've done with 720 00:31:40,430 --> 00:31:33,120 the original Hubble Deep Field and the 721 00:31:43,010 --> 00:31:40,440 other early observations more as more is 722 00:31:44,990 --> 00:31:43,020 just sort of oh yes I remember we did 723 00:31:47,060 --> 00:31:45,000 this back then this was a good idea or 724 00:31:51,200 --> 00:31:47,070 that maybe that didn't turn out so well 725 00:31:53,480 --> 00:31:51,210 or that kind of thing so I was just a 726 00:31:57,020 --> 00:31:53,490 little bit of institutional memory in 727 00:32:02,960 --> 00:31:57,030 that sense talking about program designs 728 00:32:04,580 --> 00:32:02,970 development testing policies believe it 729 00:32:07,430 --> 00:32:04,590 or not there are policies for us 730 00:32:10,190 --> 00:32:07,440 involved with this here if you actually 731 00:32:12,890 --> 00:32:10,200 have your fingers in the data you know 732 00:32:19,870 --> 00:32:12,900 in the pixels in any way you can't 733 00:32:23,480 --> 00:32:19,880 really be immediately engaged in science 734 00:32:26,540 --> 00:32:23,490 right away that's because of you know 735 00:32:29,090 --> 00:32:26,550 you don't want to let's have the 736 00:32:32,450 --> 00:32:29,100 situation where people in the Institute 737 00:32:36,070 --> 00:32:32,460 have an earlier advantage over there but 738 00:32:39,020 --> 00:32:36,080 that's I mean in this case we've got the 739 00:32:40,730 --> 00:32:39,030 data are available to everybody all the 740 00:32:49,850 --> 00:32:40,740 time it's like your frontier fields 741 00:32:55,550 --> 00:32:49,860 later available to everyone no ray your 742 00:32:56,930 --> 00:32:55,560 audio is all right well that's let's see 743 00:32:58,910 --> 00:32:56,940 let's hope it works itself out a little 744 00:33:01,580 --> 00:32:58,920 bit so let me know yeah let's go a 745 00:33:03,620 --> 00:33:01,590 little bit to the let's go a little bit 746 00:33:05,990 --> 00:33:03,630 to the to where we are now the fields 747 00:33:08,930 --> 00:33:06,000 that we have now we have two fields so 748 00:33:10,850 --> 00:33:08,940 far that we've imaged ooh I'd like to 749 00:33:11,780 --> 00:33:10,860 get you in on this discussion so why 750 00:33:13,010 --> 00:33:11,790 don't you tell us a little bit about 751 00:33:15,260 --> 00:33:13,020 what you're doing on the project but 752 00:33:15,960 --> 00:33:15,270 what can you tell us about where we're 753 00:33:17,520 --> 00:33:15,970 at now 754 00:33:20,820 --> 00:33:17,530 on with with the frontier field 755 00:33:23,340 --> 00:33:20,830 observations so I think Jen gave a 756 00:33:25,670 --> 00:33:23,350 little bit of a progress report on the 757 00:33:30,300 --> 00:33:25,680 the field the frontier fields progress 758 00:33:32,750 --> 00:33:30,310 I'm a part of a sort of a a piggyback or 759 00:33:35,430 --> 00:33:32,760 a satellite project to look for 760 00:33:37,710 --> 00:33:35,440 supernovae in these fields and try to 761 00:33:42,420 --> 00:33:37,720 analyze them to tell us something about 762 00:33:48,030 --> 00:33:42,430 you know the environments of the early 763 00:33:50,010 --> 00:33:48,040 universe our project has as looked at 764 00:33:52,440 --> 00:33:50,020 each one of each frame of the frontier 765 00:33:54,330 --> 00:33:52,450 fields as they come in and difference 766 00:33:56,790 --> 00:33:54,340 those frames to look for these you know 767 00:33:59,550 --> 00:33:56,800 various to subtracted one from the other 768 00:34:01,800 --> 00:33:59,560 and what's left behind is stuff that's 769 00:34:03,270 --> 00:34:01,810 different something is changing okay 770 00:34:04,740 --> 00:34:03,280 anything that goes bump in the night 771 00:34:09,840 --> 00:34:04,750 anything that changes in brightness we 772 00:34:12,090 --> 00:34:09,850 pick up and our plan is to analyze each 773 00:34:14,850 --> 00:34:12,100 one look for potential supernovae 774 00:34:15,780 --> 00:34:14,860 identify those supernovae and see if we 775 00:34:18,750 --> 00:34:15,790 can't learn something about their 776 00:34:21,660 --> 00:34:18,760 universe from them yet yes we've been 777 00:34:25,500 --> 00:34:21,670 very successful we've found 13 so far 13 778 00:34:26,850 --> 00:34:25,510 supernovae yeah yeah it's a it's a 779 00:34:29,910 --> 00:34:26,860 little bit larger than we expected but 780 00:34:32,130 --> 00:34:29,920 that's a to come are you expecting I 781 00:34:33,810 --> 00:34:32,140 don't remember it these things are 782 00:34:35,550 --> 00:34:33,820 actually pretty broad if you think of 783 00:34:38,310 --> 00:34:35,560 like you'd be happy if you caught two or 784 00:34:39,780 --> 00:34:38,320 three right yeah well it's not but it's 785 00:34:41,370 --> 00:34:39,790 it's something like on the order of a 786 00:34:45,540 --> 00:34:41,380 handful and now we're you know we're 787 00:34:47,610 --> 00:34:45,550 doing quite quite well and it depends 788 00:34:50,250 --> 00:34:47,620 also on what type of supernovae you're 789 00:34:53,340 --> 00:34:50,260 looking for whether or not it's related 790 00:34:55,470 --> 00:34:53,350 to very massive stars or the more 791 00:34:57,780 --> 00:34:55,480 coveted you know type 1a supernovae 792 00:35:01,560 --> 00:34:57,790 which we used to determine the distances 793 00:35:04,830 --> 00:35:01,570 to galaxies precisely and measure dark 794 00:35:06,570 --> 00:35:04,840 energy from so this project is a little 795 00:35:08,700 --> 00:35:06,580 different from our usual dark energy 796 00:35:10,410 --> 00:35:08,710 mission where we're looking more to 797 00:35:11,820 --> 00:35:10,420 understand the supernovae in the 798 00:35:16,020 --> 00:35:11,830 environments themselves so we've been 799 00:35:19,920 --> 00:35:16,030 trying we have a dark energy mission no 800 00:35:23,190 --> 00:35:19,930 uh so a with these deep fields that have 801 00:35:25,859 --> 00:35:23,200 been going on for 15 plus years 802 00:35:29,160 --> 00:35:25,869 Lee since goods let's say ten years 803 00:35:33,540 --> 00:35:29,170 we've had a component or we've built in 804 00:35:35,339 --> 00:35:33,550 a component to those two the the way in 805 00:35:37,560 --> 00:35:35,349 which those fields were accumulated to 806 00:35:41,760 --> 00:35:37,570 allow us to search for distant 807 00:35:46,319 --> 00:35:41,770 supernovae within them the mission then 808 00:35:49,620 --> 00:35:46,329 was to try and find as many type 1a 809 00:35:51,210 --> 00:35:49,630 supernovae as we could and determine if 810 00:35:54,450 --> 00:35:51,220 the universe was indeed not only 811 00:35:57,180 --> 00:35:54,460 accelerating at relatively recent epochs 812 00:36:01,230 --> 00:35:57,190 in the past but also decelerating at 813 00:36:03,109 --> 00:36:01,240 even further epochs or even really that 814 00:36:06,150 --> 00:36:03,119 deceleration aren't you guys you brought 815 00:36:15,540 --> 00:36:06,160 we found it we were very happy we found 816 00:36:20,849 --> 00:36:15,550 it it's a big fat medallion for four for 817 00:36:23,700 --> 00:36:20,859 that and I didn't wear it today but but 818 00:36:27,210 --> 00:36:23,710 yeah no it's we were very happy we found 819 00:36:31,710 --> 00:36:27,220 it and so since then the mission has 820 00:36:34,490 --> 00:36:31,720 been changing evolving to further 821 00:36:37,349 --> 00:36:34,500 refining the measure of dark energy 822 00:36:40,230 --> 00:36:37,359 which we still do to this day but also 823 00:36:43,020 --> 00:36:40,240 taking on other projects weird the great 824 00:36:45,599 --> 00:36:43,030 thing about these fields is the lensing 825 00:36:46,890 --> 00:36:45,609 and the lensing allows us to probe even 826 00:36:49,470 --> 00:36:46,900 earlier in the universe and we have 827 00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:49,480 before and we can do some really 828 00:36:54,630 --> 00:36:51,010 interesting things like that like say 829 00:36:57,660 --> 00:36:54,640 what the rate of occurrence of events 830 00:37:01,770 --> 00:36:57,670 are like in the very early universe we 831 00:37:04,170 --> 00:37:01,780 could say you know if we can see similar 832 00:37:07,230 --> 00:37:04,180 the most the earliest supernovae from 833 00:37:09,809 --> 00:37:07,240 the you know prime primordial superstars 834 00:37:11,670 --> 00:37:09,819 excuse me the first stars if we could 835 00:37:12,839 --> 00:37:11,680 see supernovae from the first stars that 836 00:37:15,450 --> 00:37:12,849 might be very important and very 837 00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:15,460 interesting so the Lansing's the lensing 838 00:37:19,230 --> 00:37:17,290 allows us to see this through the 839 00:37:21,690 --> 00:37:19,240 magnification that we get but blue 840 00:37:24,450 --> 00:37:21,700 aren't there the supernovae especially 841 00:37:26,700 --> 00:37:24,460 the type 1a is also really useful for 842 00:37:30,270 --> 00:37:26,710 testing how well we understand the 843 00:37:32,040 --> 00:37:30,280 lensing yeah because you know what the 844 00:37:34,890 --> 00:37:32,050 distance is you know how bright that 845 00:37:36,870 --> 00:37:34,900 supernova is supposed to be and so you 846 00:37:40,020 --> 00:37:36,880 can see if your prediction 847 00:37:42,360 --> 00:37:40,030 of the magnification due to the cluster 848 00:37:45,960 --> 00:37:42,370 is right or not that's right so we can 849 00:37:48,480 --> 00:37:45,970 actually turn the the test around and we 850 00:37:50,790 --> 00:37:48,490 could use the precise the precision of 851 00:37:53,670 --> 00:37:50,800 the supernovae to tell us something 852 00:37:57,090 --> 00:37:53,680 about the accuracy of the magnification 853 00:37:59,730 --> 00:37:57,100 maps and in fact we have a really new 854 00:38:02,250 --> 00:37:59,740 candidate which we just found in the 855 00:38:06,030 --> 00:38:02,260 last few weeks that is indeed a very 856 00:38:09,540 --> 00:38:06,040 precise type 1a supernova it's in a 857 00:38:13,230 --> 00:38:09,550 really unique environment but it's more 858 00:38:15,870 --> 00:38:13,240 or less unobscured doesn't have 859 00:38:18,150 --> 00:38:15,880 extinction to it and it's a very ideal 860 00:38:20,460 --> 00:38:18,160 object for measuring distances in 861 00:38:23,160 --> 00:38:20,470 measuring precisely luminosities and we 862 00:38:28,020 --> 00:38:23,170 can use that to test the lens model at 863 00:38:29,790 --> 00:38:28,030 that in this is in a a bell 27:44 okay 864 00:38:32,160 --> 00:38:29,800 so I didn't see that let me see if I can 865 00:38:34,620 --> 00:38:32,170 rephrase this in a way that might be a 866 00:38:35,790 --> 00:38:34,630 little more understandable to some 867 00:38:37,200 --> 00:38:35,800 people because I want to make sure this 868 00:38:40,170 --> 00:38:37,210 is an important point you're making so 869 00:38:42,330 --> 00:38:40,180 type 1a supernovae are are a supernova 870 00:38:44,580 --> 00:38:42,340 that we they're very special kind we 871 00:38:45,900 --> 00:38:44,590 then they we know they're special 872 00:38:47,610 --> 00:38:45,910 because we know their intrinsic 873 00:38:49,620 --> 00:38:47,620 brightness we know how bright they 874 00:38:50,790 --> 00:38:49,630 really are as if they would be right 875 00:38:51,840 --> 00:38:50,800 next to us we don't want them to be 876 00:38:54,300 --> 00:38:51,850 right next to us but if they were 877 00:38:56,160 --> 00:38:54,310 knowing how bright something is 878 00:38:58,410 --> 00:38:56,170 intrinsically and then measuring its 879 00:38:59,970 --> 00:38:58,420 brightness from wherever it is we get 880 00:39:01,650 --> 00:38:59,980 some sense of how far away it is that's 881 00:39:03,480 --> 00:39:01,660 why there's such good yard sticks but 882 00:39:06,000 --> 00:39:03,490 what lewis saying is they also can use 883 00:39:08,220 --> 00:39:06,010 those to tell them something about the 884 00:39:11,010 --> 00:39:08,230 way in which the lens that that light is 885 00:39:12,870 --> 00:39:11,020 traveling through is being modelled and 886 00:39:15,810 --> 00:39:12,880 how well they're doing at it am i right 887 00:39:18,960 --> 00:39:15,820 so sorry i don't know are doing a good 888 00:39:20,580 --> 00:39:18,970 job with your model then you would see a 889 00:39:21,990 --> 00:39:20,590 brightness that you observe with the 890 00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:22,000 frontier fields if you're doing a bad 891 00:39:24,450 --> 00:39:23,530 job with your model then frontier fields 892 00:39:27,450 --> 00:39:24,460 are going to show you something 893 00:39:29,400 --> 00:39:27,460 different because you're wrong your 894 00:39:31,920 --> 00:39:29,410 model isn't acting right on the on the 895 00:39:33,330 --> 00:39:31,930 and and now that we're on the subject of 896 00:39:36,000 --> 00:39:33,340 models we should probably bring that up 897 00:39:39,150 --> 00:39:36,010 now models are these things that you 898 00:39:41,250 --> 00:39:39,160 invent mathematically that explain what 899 00:39:42,810 --> 00:39:41,260 is happening to the light as it travels 900 00:39:44,070 --> 00:39:42,820 through the galaxy cluster in other 901 00:39:47,160 --> 00:39:44,080 words you get these squished out 902 00:39:49,920 --> 00:39:47,170 galaxies are all weird and snaky looking 903 00:39:53,160 --> 00:39:49,930 and in weird shapes it's being 904 00:39:55,530 --> 00:39:53,170 done - by the actual gravitational lens 905 00:39:58,109 --> 00:39:55,540 you're trying to mathematically describe 906 00:40:01,319 --> 00:39:58,119 that you've got some right who wants to 907 00:40:03,270 --> 00:40:01,329 talk about the models Dan yeah yeah okay 908 00:40:04,950 --> 00:40:03,280 Dan you wanna talk about the models yeah 909 00:40:06,690 --> 00:40:04,960 we I'm gonna get you in on this in just 910 00:40:08,250 --> 00:40:06,700 a minute don't worry I know I gotta get 911 00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:08,260 you in on cuz I will talk about data 912 00:40:11,730 --> 00:40:10,210 there's all this dark matter in the 913 00:40:13,530 --> 00:40:11,740 cluster like we talked about but we 914 00:40:15,270 --> 00:40:13,540 don't know exactly where it is and and 915 00:40:17,309 --> 00:40:15,280 just like you said Tony we we observe 916 00:40:19,650 --> 00:40:17,319 this lensing and and based on the 917 00:40:22,980 --> 00:40:19,660 lensing we we can map it out in some 918 00:40:26,069 --> 00:40:22,990 detail but but not perfectly and so we 919 00:40:29,040 --> 00:40:26,079 actually had five different teams from 920 00:40:30,990 --> 00:40:29,050 the community all submit their models so 921 00:40:33,900 --> 00:40:31,000 that everybody could could use them so 922 00:40:35,609 --> 00:40:33,910 these are all public favorite models and 923 00:40:38,220 --> 00:40:35,619 they all said use mine use mine right 924 00:40:40,020 --> 00:40:38,230 they all have different ways of modeling 925 00:40:41,370 --> 00:40:40,030 and describing exactly how the dark 926 00:40:43,140 --> 00:40:41,380 matter is distributed and you know 927 00:40:45,480 --> 00:40:43,150 there's it's constrained to some degree 928 00:40:46,980 --> 00:40:45,490 by the lensing but not exactly and so 929 00:40:48,720 --> 00:40:46,990 they all submitted these models and and 930 00:40:50,430 --> 00:40:48,730 these are teams that had you know kind 931 00:40:52,380 --> 00:40:50,440 of had friendly competition before and 932 00:40:53,940 --> 00:40:52,390 they'd be you know propose their models 933 00:40:55,920 --> 00:40:53,950 and they tried to one-up each other and 934 00:40:57,630 --> 00:40:55,930 you know and in this case they all work 935 00:41:00,270 --> 00:40:57,640 together so we brought them all together 936 00:41:02,700 --> 00:41:00,280 they did you know they shared all the 937 00:41:05,490 --> 00:41:02,710 best available lensing data that they 938 00:41:06,839 --> 00:41:05,500 had and they you know they then they 939 00:41:08,250 --> 00:41:06,849 went off and they worked separately and 940 00:41:09,870 --> 00:41:08,260 they made these models they you know but 941 00:41:11,789 --> 00:41:09,880 they kind of cooperated and and so now 942 00:41:15,180 --> 00:41:11,799 this is all available and so for any 943 00:41:17,819 --> 00:41:15,190 galaxy that you see being lens by one of 944 00:41:21,660 --> 00:41:17,829 these frontier fields clusters or any 945 00:41:24,089 --> 00:41:21,670 supernova you can you can go to a 946 00:41:25,680 --> 00:41:24,099 webpage and you can you can figure out 947 00:41:26,880 --> 00:41:25,690 what are the different magnification 948 00:41:29,220 --> 00:41:26,890 estimates from all these different 949 00:41:31,650 --> 00:41:29,230 models how much do the models say that 950 00:41:32,789 --> 00:41:31,660 this galaxy is being magnified and it'll 951 00:41:35,490 --> 00:41:32,799 give you this this whole range of 952 00:41:37,020 --> 00:41:35,500 predictions that then you can in the 953 00:41:39,329 --> 00:41:37,030 case of a supernova you can then predict 954 00:41:42,120 --> 00:41:39,339 you can then compare against what you 955 00:41:44,730 --> 00:41:42,130 actually know the magnification is so 956 00:41:48,109 --> 00:41:44,740 here Scott's got one up he went to the 957 00:41:50,789 --> 00:41:48,119 mast and pulled this up yeah that's 958 00:41:55,319 --> 00:41:50,799 right so so what we're looking at here 959 00:41:57,599 --> 00:41:55,329 is actually so the a magnification of a 960 00:41:59,670 --> 00:41:57,609 distant galaxy also depends on how far 961 00:42:00,890 --> 00:41:59,680 away that galaxy is so what we're 962 00:42:02,819 --> 00:42:00,900 looking at here is we're looking at 963 00:42:03,490 --> 00:42:02,829 magnifications for three different 964 00:42:05,480 --> 00:42:03,500 distance 965 00:42:06,680 --> 00:42:05,490 and if that's what you're seeing in a 966 00:42:08,990 --> 00:42:06,690 different color so it's a little bit 967 00:42:11,180 --> 00:42:09,000 confusing but basically a weight so this 968 00:42:13,160 --> 00:42:11,190 is this is the mathematical model right 969 00:42:15,620 --> 00:42:13,170 right the colors are different 970 00:42:17,930 --> 00:42:15,630 magnifications blue is maybe different 971 00:42:19,640 --> 00:42:17,940 magnifications in red right well so blue 972 00:42:21,800 --> 00:42:19,650 is for a galaxy that's a certain 973 00:42:24,140 --> 00:42:21,810 distance away and in green is for a 974 00:42:27,140 --> 00:42:24,150 galaxy that's more distant and then red 975 00:42:28,820 --> 00:42:27,150 is for some of the most distant galaxies 976 00:42:30,740 --> 00:42:28,830 we used we've we've yet discovered red 977 00:42:32,840 --> 00:42:30,750 is for those galaxies so if that's what 978 00:42:34,340 --> 00:42:32,850 you're interested in most like me you 979 00:42:36,140 --> 00:42:34,350 would be looking at the at the red and 980 00:42:38,450 --> 00:42:36,150 this image here and so what you're 981 00:42:40,040 --> 00:42:38,460 looking at here those words it's bright 982 00:42:43,880 --> 00:42:40,050 red is where the magnification is 983 00:42:45,890 --> 00:42:43,890 highest how many's models doing how done 984 00:42:55,460 --> 00:42:45,900 are they there I'd say they're doing 985 00:42:57,620 --> 00:42:55,470 well so so I would say they're not so 986 00:42:59,930 --> 00:42:57,630 our our first supernova that we had a 987 00:43:01,670 --> 00:42:59,940 chance to do this with is what I 988 00:43:03,110 --> 00:43:01,680 mentioned last week so we're still 989 00:43:05,960 --> 00:43:03,120 looking at the data but the plenary 990 00:43:08,810 --> 00:43:05,970 results are kind of interesting we've we 991 00:43:12,650 --> 00:43:08,820 think the lens models predict something 992 00:43:14,390 --> 00:43:12,660 like a factor of 10 magnification so the 993 00:43:17,270 --> 00:43:14,400 object should be ten times brighter than 994 00:43:20,960 --> 00:43:17,280 you would expect for it for its distance 995 00:43:23,000 --> 00:43:20,970 or its epic what we observe is something 996 00:43:25,370 --> 00:43:23,010 more like just a 30% increase in 997 00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:25,380 brightness so maybe this is a hole in 998 00:43:29,150 --> 00:43:27,930 the lens model or maybe it's saying that 999 00:43:31,010 --> 00:43:29,160 there's a problem with the lens model 1000 00:43:32,540 --> 00:43:31,020 yeah that is interesting and I mean 1001 00:43:33,680 --> 00:43:32,550 because didn't you all just have a press 1002 00:43:50,110 --> 00:43:33,690 release saying that this worked really 1003 00:43:54,380 --> 00:43:52,310 sorry last time it seemed to work well 1004 00:43:56,420 --> 00:43:54,390 and you know there are there are a range 1005 00:43:58,010 --> 00:43:56,430 of predictions so I mean that they all 1006 00:44:01,610 --> 00:43:58,020 well anyway well you know we'll have 1007 00:44:03,080 --> 00:44:01,620 time to so we've got we've got some 1008 00:44:04,370 --> 00:44:03,090 we've got a lot of comments and stuff at 1009 00:44:06,080 --> 00:44:04,380 Anton let me get you in on this 1010 00:44:07,340 --> 00:44:06,090 discussion welcome by the way it's good 1011 00:44:10,100 --> 00:44:07,350 to see you again I haven't seen you 1012 00:44:12,260 --> 00:44:10,110 since AS thank you Tony well we've been 1013 00:44:14,210 --> 00:44:12,270 kind of busy yeah I guess so the cider 1014 00:44:17,690 --> 00:44:14,220 coming in and so we've been doing all 1015 00:44:19,549 --> 00:44:17,700 this new combination of data 1016 00:44:21,470 --> 00:44:19,559 thank you for having me on so you're 1017 00:44:23,210 --> 00:44:21,480 doing the you're doing the pipelining 1018 00:44:26,180 --> 00:44:23,220 calibrations and things like that has 1019 00:44:28,160 --> 00:44:26,190 there been any any any surprises any 1020 00:44:30,950 --> 00:44:28,170 things that that you have come across 1021 00:44:32,569 --> 00:44:30,960 that you didn't expect yeah sure so let 1022 00:44:34,010 --> 00:44:32,579 me answer so you've asked a few times 1023 00:44:35,450 --> 00:44:34,020 what's the status of our current 1024 00:44:38,180 --> 00:44:35,460 observing I can give a quick update on 1025 00:44:41,299 --> 00:44:38,190 that maybe add a few more details to 1026 00:44:44,540 --> 00:44:41,309 what Jen was saying below yes so we've 1027 00:44:47,809 --> 00:44:44,550 now basically finished almost finished 1028 00:44:49,339 --> 00:44:47,819 our first cluster we are about let's say 1029 00:44:50,839 --> 00:44:49,349 two-thirds or three-quarters of the way 1030 00:44:53,750 --> 00:44:50,849 through our second epoch we have these 1031 00:44:55,760 --> 00:44:53,760 two e box on the clusters and when we're 1032 00:44:57,920 --> 00:44:55,770 done that means we have complete 1033 00:45:00,680 --> 00:44:57,930 coverage in both cameras on the cluster 1034 00:45:02,059 --> 00:45:00,690 and also on this parallel field so what 1035 00:45:04,549 --> 00:45:02,069 we're doing is we're basically looking 1036 00:45:06,260 --> 00:45:04,559 at the data as it comes in so I've got 1037 00:45:08,380 --> 00:45:06,270 this team of folks helping me I've got a 1038 00:45:11,870 --> 00:45:08,390 I've got about a half dozen other people 1039 00:45:13,790 --> 00:45:11,880 all looking at images as I come in and I 1040 00:45:15,710 --> 00:45:13,800 can actually share with you what we do 1041 00:45:18,230 --> 00:45:15,720 is basically we look live almost at the 1042 00:45:20,690 --> 00:45:18,240 exposures sort of after within a couple 1043 00:45:22,250 --> 00:45:20,700 of hours after Hubble takes it the 1044 00:45:23,870 --> 00:45:22,260 images come down and we can look at them 1045 00:45:25,970 --> 00:45:23,880 and we can inspect them very quickly and 1046 00:45:27,680 --> 00:45:25,980 have a really quick turnaround so I can 1047 00:45:29,180 --> 00:45:27,690 in fact share with you all if I can 1048 00:45:31,849 --> 00:45:29,190 figure out how to do the screen sharing 1049 00:45:33,829 --> 00:45:31,859 yeah all right yeah it's the latest data 1050 00:45:36,079 --> 00:45:33,839 that came in last night let me see this 1051 00:45:38,240 --> 00:45:36,089 it's a green arrow that arrow and the 1052 00:45:39,620 --> 00:45:38,250 green screen there and you see that yeah 1053 00:45:41,299 --> 00:45:39,630 it comes up and then there's a button 1054 00:45:43,190 --> 00:45:41,309 that says Start screen share but it's 1055 00:45:55,069 --> 00:45:43,200 grey for me I can't click it so I don't 1056 00:45:57,890 --> 00:45:55,079 know Oh cute okay I've seen that so I'm 1057 00:46:00,440 --> 00:45:57,900 gonna screen share this window and this 1058 00:46:04,430 --> 00:46:00,450 is the most recent observations that 1059 00:46:06,620 --> 00:46:04,440 came in nice oh wow bring that up so 1060 00:46:09,470 --> 00:46:06,630 that came in over night kind of 1061 00:46:11,960 --> 00:46:09,480 yesterday evening and Hubble just took 1062 00:46:15,500 --> 00:46:11,970 that basically not even a day ago kind 1063 00:46:17,390 --> 00:46:15,510 of within 12 hours ago maybe and this is 1064 00:46:21,589 --> 00:46:17,400 the images pretty much as we see them 1065 00:46:24,200 --> 00:46:21,599 coming in from the telescope or they are 1066 00:46:26,750 --> 00:46:24,210 the same filter they all the same filter 1067 00:46:29,480 --> 00:46:26,760 are so these are different exposures so 1068 00:46:30,470 --> 00:46:29,490 each each orbit basically we take four 1069 00:46:33,109 --> 00:46:30,480 exposures in the 1070 00:46:34,640 --> 00:46:33,119 given filter and the difference between 1071 00:46:37,070 --> 00:46:34,650 the ones on the left and ones on the 1072 00:46:39,349 --> 00:46:37,080 right in this case we apply a special 1073 00:46:41,510 --> 00:46:39,359 background scar subtraction these are 1074 00:46:43,900 --> 00:46:41,520 really quality checks ideally they 1075 00:46:46,190 --> 00:46:43,910 should look the same and luckily they do 1076 00:46:47,359 --> 00:46:46,200 look different than any way then there's 1077 00:46:48,910 --> 00:46:47,369 been too something wrong with it well 1078 00:46:50,450 --> 00:46:48,920 what about what about Lou and his 1079 00:46:51,320 --> 00:46:50,460 subtractions what would you be 1080 00:46:53,900 --> 00:46:51,330 subtracting Lou 1081 00:46:56,660 --> 00:46:53,910 you'd be doing another another O'War bit 1082 00:46:58,640 --> 00:46:56,670 later or what that's correct so we would 1083 00:47:00,800 --> 00:46:58,650 be looking at let's say the very first 1084 00:47:04,450 --> 00:47:00,810 visit relative to this in this visit 1085 00:47:07,400 --> 00:47:04,460 okay yeah and so what Lou would be doing 1086 00:47:09,890 --> 00:47:07,410 would be when you subtract these images 1087 00:47:11,660 --> 00:47:09,900 you'd see very little difference it'd be 1088 00:47:13,490 --> 00:47:11,670 maybe a few specks that are different 1089 00:47:17,240 --> 00:47:13,500 and some of them would be bad big sores 1090 00:47:18,859 --> 00:47:17,250 or things are change in the detector in 1091 00:47:21,380 --> 00:47:18,869 just a very small fraction of those 1092 00:47:24,109 --> 00:47:21,390 would actually be the supernovae this is 1093 00:47:26,330 --> 00:47:24,119 exactly the kind of thing that we can 1094 00:47:28,460 --> 00:47:26,340 sort of look at when we do these checks 1095 00:47:34,480 --> 00:47:28,470 I'm how to turn off the screen show this 1096 00:47:39,650 --> 00:47:37,099 interject a comment I think antenna is 1097 00:47:41,380 --> 00:47:39,660 kind of underselling calibration yeah I 1098 00:47:44,480 --> 00:47:41,390 think so too 1099 00:47:47,599 --> 00:47:44,490 and I've watched Anton as you know 1100 00:47:51,020 --> 00:47:47,609 outreach observer with the rest of the 1101 00:47:53,630 --> 00:47:51,030 team poring over these observations and 1102 00:47:55,310 --> 00:47:53,640 picking over every little nuance and so 1103 00:47:56,990 --> 00:47:55,320 calibration pipeline maybe you can talk 1104 00:47:59,960 --> 00:47:57,000 a little bit about what a calibration 1105 00:48:04,310 --> 00:47:59,970 pipeline is because it's not like taking 1106 00:48:06,650 --> 00:48:04,320 a cell phone picture yeah let's say a 1107 00:48:08,420 --> 00:48:06,660 few words about it these pictures you 1108 00:48:10,130 --> 00:48:08,430 see they've actually been through 1109 00:48:12,620 --> 00:48:10,140 calibration already so they look a 1110 00:48:14,510 --> 00:48:12,630 little bit prettier than the actual raw 1111 00:48:16,310 --> 00:48:14,520 images we get from the telescope which 1112 00:48:20,690 --> 00:48:16,320 look real nasty by the way folks they do 1113 00:48:22,370 --> 00:48:20,700 not they look pretty ugly because the 1114 00:48:24,830 --> 00:48:22,380 detectors are not perfect and so you get 1115 00:48:26,560 --> 00:48:24,840 all kinds of junk on them in fact you 1116 00:48:29,000 --> 00:48:26,570 can see yourself if you take a picture 1117 00:48:31,670 --> 00:48:29,010 some cell phones will do this on some 1118 00:48:32,960 --> 00:48:31,680 cameras to take like a long exposure at 1119 00:48:36,680 --> 00:48:32,970 night if you're taking a picture of 1120 00:48:38,599 --> 00:48:36,690 somebody in the evening yeah take maybe 1121 00:48:40,580 --> 00:48:38,609 a few seconds for the shadow to open and 1122 00:48:42,859 --> 00:48:40,590 close and when you look at their picture 1123 00:48:43,609 --> 00:48:42,869 you'll see the little bright spots all 1124 00:48:46,309 --> 00:48:43,619 over the image 1125 00:48:47,690 --> 00:48:46,319 and we deal with much the same thing we 1126 00:48:49,729 --> 00:48:47,700 deal with these little random bright 1127 00:48:51,680 --> 00:48:49,739 spots that mean different exposures and 1128 00:48:53,569 --> 00:48:51,690 so that's one aspect of the calibration 1129 00:48:55,519 --> 00:48:53,579 is making sure that the things in the 1130 00:48:57,680 --> 00:48:55,529 detector are actually removed before we 1131 00:48:59,539 --> 00:48:57,690 can make a clean image so yes if we 1132 00:49:01,549 --> 00:48:59,549 spend our time checking these images and 1133 00:49:03,829 --> 00:49:01,559 also running all the software pipelines 1134 00:49:05,329 --> 00:49:03,839 to clean them up and so what you see in 1135 00:49:08,180 --> 00:49:05,339 the end when we make these pretty color 1136 00:49:09,799 --> 00:49:08,190 pictures it's basically a version of 1137 00:49:11,569 --> 00:49:09,809 that for each different filter each 1138 00:49:13,099 --> 00:49:11,579 different color are you have to first 1139 00:49:14,930 --> 00:49:13,109 clean them up and stack them and make 1140 00:49:17,029 --> 00:49:14,940 them deeper and once you've done that 1141 00:49:19,009 --> 00:49:17,039 that takes a few weeks to do then we can 1142 00:49:21,410 --> 00:49:19,019 serve them out and let the rest of the 1143 00:49:34,729 --> 00:49:21,420 community use them but yeah that's what 1144 00:49:37,160 --> 00:49:34,739 keeps us busy and the cage of these go 1145 00:49:39,079 --> 00:49:37,170 across the field with Hubble and so we 1146 00:49:41,930 --> 00:49:39,089 see these bright streaks on the images 1147 00:49:44,209 --> 00:49:41,940 sometimes and folks like ray do a heroic 1148 00:49:45,559 --> 00:49:44,219 job of identifying these images and 1149 00:49:47,809 --> 00:49:45,569 actually masking them out because 1150 00:49:50,329 --> 00:49:47,819 otherwise the whole image would be criss 1151 00:49:52,999 --> 00:49:50,339 crossed by other satellites and you 1152 00:49:54,769 --> 00:49:53,009 wouldn't have to see like it's really 1153 00:49:57,289 --> 00:49:54,779 crowded up there now it's not like the 1154 00:49:59,630 --> 00:49:57,299 old days everybody's up there now yeah I 1155 00:50:01,190 --> 00:49:59,640 worry about that real estate and the l2 1156 00:50:04,609 --> 00:50:01,200 pointers are gonna get crowded too it 1157 00:50:05,959 --> 00:50:04,619 looks like it as well so ray I guess I 1158 00:50:08,299 --> 00:50:05,969 think you're back now I wanted to get 1159 00:50:10,099 --> 00:50:08,309 you just a few more thoughts I I want to 1160 00:50:11,390 --> 00:50:10,109 get to a lot of comments and stuff that 1161 00:50:12,499 --> 00:50:11,400 we have to but you didn't get you have 1162 00:50:14,450 --> 00:50:12,509 to finish your thought and I just wanted 1163 00:50:17,269 --> 00:50:14,460 to know if you had anything else you 1164 00:50:19,459 --> 00:50:17,279 would like to add well you were talking 1165 00:50:22,700 --> 00:50:19,469 about maybe in several different areas 1166 00:50:24,829 --> 00:50:22,710 you were talking about models and I 1167 00:50:28,729 --> 00:50:24,839 think one of the most fascinating things 1168 00:50:30,650 --> 00:50:28,739 to me and it's something that people try 1169 00:50:33,950 --> 00:50:30,660 to model but it depends on the accuracy 1170 00:50:36,979 --> 00:50:33,960 of what is known there and how how good 1171 00:50:40,400 --> 00:50:36,989 a quality it is people will sometimes 1172 00:50:42,950 --> 00:50:40,410 try to look at distant galaxies that are 1173 00:50:46,749 --> 00:50:42,960 lensed by the foreground clusters and 1174 00:50:52,819 --> 00:50:46,759 they'll try to essentially D project 1175 00:50:57,019 --> 00:50:52,829 those galaxies as observed into what 1176 00:50:59,319 --> 00:50:57,029 they really have in the way of shape 1177 00:51:01,909 --> 00:50:59,329 and I think that's a fascinating process 1178 00:51:04,039 --> 00:51:01,919 always I guess I'd obviously it depends 1179 00:51:05,120 --> 00:51:04,049 on how good your model is yes and 1180 00:51:08,719 --> 00:51:05,130 there's always a lot of room for 1181 00:51:12,140 --> 00:51:08,729 skepticism I imagine Lu's not gonna be 1182 00:51:13,939 --> 00:51:12,150 impressed probably but I do think it's 1183 00:51:15,769 --> 00:51:13,949 one of the most fascinating things about 1184 00:51:17,949 --> 00:51:15,779 this I've always been interested in 1185 00:51:20,419 --> 00:51:17,959 galaxies biologies in a lot of the 1186 00:51:23,870 --> 00:51:20,429 survey projects that I've been part of 1187 00:51:26,179 --> 00:51:23,880 and and so I think this is this is a 1188 00:51:29,989 --> 00:51:26,189 really fascinating aspect of it not only 1189 00:51:34,759 --> 00:51:29,999 the bringing and divisibility of the 1190 00:51:37,249 --> 00:51:34,769 most distant objects but also trying to 1191 00:51:40,309 --> 00:51:37,259 see where possible you know the the 1192 00:51:43,130 --> 00:51:40,319 structure of some more distant galaxies 1193 00:51:47,199 --> 00:51:43,140 of course the main point here I think is 1194 00:51:50,509 --> 00:51:47,209 is really finding those sort of you know 1195 00:51:54,409 --> 00:51:50,519 earliest galaxies if we can but but this 1196 00:51:56,479 --> 00:51:54,419 is just sort of a an interesting not 1197 00:51:58,880 --> 00:51:56,489 quite diversion but it's it's a separate 1198 00:52:01,399 --> 00:51:58,890 topic but fascinating 1199 00:52:03,380 --> 00:52:01,409 I don't know Scott can bring up the 1200 00:52:07,279 --> 00:52:03,390 image that I sent him earlier there's a 1201 00:52:09,709 --> 00:52:07,289 really good example of an object that's 1202 00:52:12,049 --> 00:52:09,719 that's not the most distant thing in the 1203 00:52:15,349 --> 00:52:12,059 universe but is extremely highly 1204 00:52:18,769 --> 00:52:15,359 magnified by our cluster max oh four one 1205 00:52:20,899 --> 00:52:18,779 six and actually there's just beautiful 1206 00:52:22,729 --> 00:52:20,909 things all over that image can we have 1207 00:52:29,449 --> 00:52:22,739 it up now yeah if you zoom in towards 1208 00:52:31,459 --> 00:52:29,459 the center let me even more yeah that's 1209 00:52:36,890 --> 00:52:31,469 right it's that kind of blue fuzzy thing 1210 00:52:39,949 --> 00:52:36,900 yeah look at all of them Wow yeah so so 1211 00:52:41,569 --> 00:52:39,959 the the reddish orangish galaxies are 1212 00:52:44,299 --> 00:52:41,579 the cluster galaxies those are the 1213 00:52:46,759 --> 00:52:44,309 things that are doing interesting and 1214 00:52:49,279 --> 00:52:46,769 the things that are those blue are key 1215 00:52:51,499 --> 00:52:49,289 things are the background galaxies which 1216 00:52:54,049 --> 00:52:51,509 are not you know those are probably not 1217 00:52:56,509 --> 00:52:54,059 the most distant things but but they're 1218 00:52:58,849 --> 00:52:56,519 really you know highly magnified and 1219 00:53:01,099 --> 00:52:58,859 then if you look you know close to that 1220 00:53:03,969 --> 00:53:01,109 bright central galaxy there's something 1221 00:53:07,759 --> 00:53:03,979 that's kind of fuzzy and blue and red 1222 00:53:10,260 --> 00:53:07,769 and that is a galaxy that's magnified by 1223 00:53:12,630 --> 00:53:10,270 like a factor of 20 1224 00:53:15,390 --> 00:53:12,640 so we're just seeing that object isn't 1225 00:53:17,820 --> 00:53:15,400 up Jupiter yeah it's not it's a it's a 1226 00:53:20,580 --> 00:53:17,830 galaxy that's just been magnified much 1227 00:53:21,900 --> 00:53:20,590 much much more than you could you know 1228 00:53:24,210 --> 00:53:21,910 it's at a much higher spatial resolution 1229 00:53:27,510 --> 00:53:24,220 than anything that Hubble would normally 1230 00:53:31,290 --> 00:53:27,520 see that's just a beautiful image this 1231 00:53:34,740 --> 00:53:31,300 is a great example of what also with the 1232 00:53:36,990 --> 00:53:34,750 wineglass demonstration and again also 1233 00:53:38,730 --> 00:53:37,000 there's the distortion aspect even 1234 00:53:42,060 --> 00:53:38,740 though something's highly magnified it 1235 00:53:43,650 --> 00:53:42,070 may be distorted quite a bit and that's 1236 00:53:46,920 --> 00:53:43,660 part of what I was talking about by D 1237 00:53:48,960 --> 00:53:46,930 projection of you know trying to apply 1238 00:53:51,150 --> 00:53:48,970 the distortion correction if you will 1239 00:53:53,580 --> 00:53:51,160 for the gravitational distortion 1240 00:53:55,320 --> 00:53:53,590 correction there there are also other 1241 00:53:57,240 --> 00:53:55,330 distortion corrections and the images 1242 00:54:00,060 --> 00:53:57,250 but that that we have to do but that's a 1243 00:54:06,360 --> 00:54:00,070 different matter so what's that bright I 1244 00:54:09,330 --> 00:54:06,370 am the red and blue points are stars the 1245 00:54:09,750 --> 00:54:09,340 little ring of green dots yeah look at 1246 00:54:14,760 --> 00:54:09,760 that 1247 00:54:17,220 --> 00:54:14,770 it's being imaged not only by the 1248 00:54:21,150 --> 00:54:17,230 cluster but by that red those smaller 1249 00:54:23,460 --> 00:54:21,160 red galaxies there you can scroll all 1250 00:54:26,670 --> 00:54:23,470 over this image and see examples like 1251 00:54:28,410 --> 00:54:26,680 that actually if you go the other way 1252 00:54:30,840 --> 00:54:28,420 towards the bottom there's some cool 1253 00:54:34,590 --> 00:54:30,850 things of is this available for people 1254 00:54:36,270 --> 00:54:34,600 or is this something that it's not but 1255 00:54:39,720 --> 00:54:36,280 we can make it of it we should put it on 1256 00:54:41,510 --> 00:54:39,730 our blog yeah so actually yeah right in 1257 00:54:44,700 --> 00:54:41,520 the corner there I don't know if you see 1258 00:54:48,420 --> 00:54:44,710 there's a there's a galaxy that's lensed 1259 00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:48,430 and it's being warped by that edge on 1260 00:54:52,920 --> 00:54:51,010 red galaxy there I mean it's just you 1261 00:54:56,940 --> 00:54:52,930 know I can look at how this is got a lot 1262 00:54:58,260 --> 00:54:56,950 look at all of them there's a lot so you 1263 00:55:00,420 --> 00:54:58,270 got to use do you have to use different 1264 00:55:02,930 --> 00:55:00,430 models for different galaxies or how do 1265 00:55:05,670 --> 00:55:02,940 you how do you do is it are the models 1266 00:55:08,280 --> 00:55:05,680 working only for certain clusters I mean 1267 00:55:10,230 --> 00:55:08,290 how do you apply the models maybe that's 1268 00:55:12,450 --> 00:55:10,240 a really hard question yeah I don't know 1269 00:55:13,620 --> 00:55:12,460 Dan can answer that one well the one 1270 00:55:15,930 --> 00:55:13,630 thing I wanted to point out I mean each 1271 00:55:18,150 --> 00:55:15,940 one of these lens galaxies that you see 1272 00:55:19,560 --> 00:55:18,160 there is another piece to them it's 1273 00:55:21,540 --> 00:55:19,570 another piece of the puzzle of where the 1274 00:55:23,760 --> 00:55:21,550 dark matter is and we see so many more 1275 00:55:27,330 --> 00:55:23,770 of these in these really deep images 1276 00:55:29,040 --> 00:55:27,340 we did before so the models of the 1277 00:55:29,840 --> 00:55:29,050 magnifications are just getting better 1278 00:55:32,730 --> 00:55:29,850 and better 1279 00:55:34,109 --> 00:55:32,740 did you say what cluster this was this 1280 00:55:39,090 --> 00:55:34,119 is Mac so for 16 1281 00:55:41,100 --> 00:55:39,100 very deep optical image of this so 1282 00:55:42,840 --> 00:55:41,110 actually any very distant galaxies are 1283 00:55:44,220 --> 00:55:42,850 not even visible because they're only 1284 00:55:45,480 --> 00:55:44,230 apparent in the infrared 1285 00:55:46,890 --> 00:55:45,490 that's right they'd show up in the 1286 00:55:50,550 --> 00:55:46,900 infrared okay I'll be getting the 1287 00:55:53,070 --> 00:55:50,560 infrared data in sort of August okay 1288 00:55:54,870 --> 00:55:53,080 great well guys we're gonna we're gonna 1289 00:55:57,330 --> 00:55:54,880 keep having more frontier fields 1290 00:55:59,670 --> 00:55:57,340 hangouts but I really want to get to 1291 00:56:02,550 --> 00:55:59,680 some some questions but before too much 1292 00:56:03,990 --> 00:56:02,560 time passes and and going along with the 1293 00:56:05,820 --> 00:56:04,000 different galaxies at different 1294 00:56:07,740 --> 00:56:05,830 distances kind of thing I have something 1295 00:56:10,380 --> 00:56:07,750 here from Adam synergy who says I think 1296 00:56:13,290 --> 00:56:10,390 the deepest image is so far have 1297 00:56:18,090 --> 00:56:13,300 revealed galaxies at around Z equals 7.8 1298 00:56:20,100 --> 00:56:18,100 so how deep can HST go now briefly say 1299 00:56:24,840 --> 00:56:20,110 us in as few words as possible what Z 1300 00:56:31,170 --> 00:56:24,850 means and then maybe I don't know mother 1301 00:56:33,240 --> 00:56:31,180 who's that - was Z is called is redshift 1302 00:56:35,460 --> 00:56:33,250 we talk about it as below and it's just 1303 00:56:36,990 --> 00:56:35,470 a number it's it's a number and in what 1304 00:56:39,780 --> 00:56:37,000 it describes is how much the universe 1305 00:56:42,690 --> 00:56:39,790 has stretched over the 13 billion year 1306 00:56:45,090 --> 00:56:42,700 history of our universe so if it's if 1307 00:56:48,210 --> 00:56:45,100 it's a Z of of 1 that means the universe 1308 00:56:49,980 --> 00:56:48,220 was half its size back then if the Z of 1309 00:56:51,450 --> 00:56:49,990 2 it means the universe was a third of 1310 00:56:53,609 --> 00:56:51,460 its size back can we see it and it's 1311 00:56:55,260 --> 00:56:53,619 been stretched by that factor and as the 1312 00:56:57,060 --> 00:56:55,270 universe has stretched have stretched 1313 00:56:59,010 --> 00:56:57,070 the light along with it and to redder 1314 00:57:01,650 --> 00:56:59,020 and redder wavelengths and if it's far 1315 00:57:02,849 --> 00:57:01,660 enough away you see the galaxies all the 1316 00:57:04,590 --> 00:57:02,859 way in the infrared and that's why we 1317 00:57:06,720 --> 00:57:04,600 need to look in the infrared to see the 1318 00:57:08,849 --> 00:57:06,730 most distant galaxies so the question 1319 00:57:13,109 --> 00:57:08,859 was that we we see galaxies out to 1320 00:57:15,960 --> 00:57:13,119 redshift of of 7.8 I think so there's 1321 00:57:18,540 --> 00:57:15,970 there's confirmed galaxies or you've 1322 00:57:20,099 --> 00:57:18,550 obtained a spectra and so you can tell 1323 00:57:23,490 --> 00:57:20,109 that the galaxy is definitely out too 1324 00:57:24,180 --> 00:57:23,500 much of 7.5 or 7.6 those have been 1325 00:57:26,310 --> 00:57:24,190 confirmed 1326 00:57:28,320 --> 00:57:26,320 then further out you have what are 1327 00:57:30,420 --> 00:57:28,330 candidates all the way up to the 1328 00:57:32,040 --> 00:57:30,430 redshift 11 and that was the one that I 1329 00:57:33,780 --> 00:57:32,050 was I was showing on my on my phone 1330 00:57:35,760 --> 00:57:33,790 earlier that's right damn we had a 1331 00:57:37,650 --> 00:57:35,770 hangout about that a while right 1332 00:57:41,190 --> 00:57:37,660 okay so Craig land 1333 00:57:45,329 --> 00:57:41,200 is saying poor doctor lots relegated to 1334 00:58:11,720 --> 00:57:45,339 the stsci dungeon venue how long does 1335 00:58:18,059 --> 00:58:16,020 okay so so here's one from Nava Vermeer 1336 00:58:22,829 --> 00:58:18,069 who goes is it possible that the first 1337 00:58:25,410 --> 00:58:22,839 AG ends black holes also suck in Dark 1338 00:58:27,000 --> 00:58:25,420 Matter that's a good question and we're 1339 00:58:29,400 --> 00:58:27,010 the seeds for the supermassive black 1340 00:58:34,170 --> 00:58:29,410 holes we observe today question well 1341 00:58:37,260 --> 00:58:34,180 that's a good one for Anton or Norman it 1342 00:58:40,740 --> 00:58:37,270 turns out black holes actually are dark 1343 00:58:43,230 --> 00:58:40,750 matter you know in a way one candidate 1344 00:58:46,559 --> 00:58:43,240 for dark matter at one point was lots of 1345 00:58:48,720 --> 00:58:46,569 small mini or micro black holes because 1346 00:58:50,430 --> 00:58:48,730 they dark you don't see them and they 1347 00:58:52,980 --> 00:58:50,440 can basically just act as gravitational 1348 00:58:55,200 --> 00:58:52,990 lenses I think that's now been largely 1349 00:58:57,660 --> 00:58:55,210 ruled out black holes are obviously not 1350 00:59:00,029 --> 00:58:57,670 a candidate for the Dark Matter we see 1351 00:59:03,140 --> 00:59:00,039 around galaxies it's more likely to be 1352 00:59:06,480 --> 00:59:03,150 very small particles but the black holes 1353 00:59:09,990 --> 00:59:06,490 certainly can still suck in anything 1354 00:59:13,890 --> 00:59:10,000 that that feels gravity and that has 1355 00:59:15,750 --> 00:59:13,900 math I think the main thing about the 1356 00:59:18,299 --> 00:59:15,760 black holes is even if they were to suck 1357 00:59:20,190 --> 00:59:18,309 in dark matter or we wouldn't actually 1358 00:59:23,670 --> 00:59:20,200 see it dark matter tends not to interact 1359 00:59:25,529 --> 00:59:23,680 with other with normal matter and so the 1360 00:59:28,529 --> 00:59:25,539 way we see black holes is when they suck 1361 00:59:32,069 --> 00:59:28,539 in normal gas like hydrogen and helium 1362 00:59:33,480 --> 00:59:32,079 and so forth that gas heats up and heats 1363 00:59:35,279 --> 00:59:33,490 up a lot actually heats up to about a 1364 00:59:37,529 --> 00:59:35,289 million degrees as it's being sucked in 1365 00:59:39,529 --> 00:59:37,539 by the black mold and so when there's 1366 00:59:41,880 --> 00:59:39,539 gas heats up it gives off a lot of 1367 00:59:44,190 --> 00:59:41,890 high-energy radiation gives off things 1368 00:59:46,470 --> 00:59:44,200 like x-rays and ultraviolet and so forth 1369 00:59:47,970 --> 00:59:46,480 just before it ever gets into the black 1370 00:59:49,920 --> 00:59:47,980 hole it forms a sort of a disk around 1371 00:59:51,240 --> 00:59:49,930 the black hole and gives off all this 1372 00:59:52,800 --> 00:59:51,250 x-rays and 1373 00:59:54,210 --> 00:59:52,810 what we see that's actually why we can 1374 00:59:56,280 --> 00:59:54,220 see black holes that we don't actually 1375 00:59:57,870 --> 00:59:56,290 see the black holes what we see is the 1376 00:59:59,760 --> 00:59:57,880 gas that's around them that's lighting 1377 01:00:02,580 --> 00:59:59,770 up and it's giving off all these x-rays 1378 01:00:04,470 --> 01:00:02,590 and it's an interesting question 1379 01:00:07,620 --> 01:00:04,480 these frontier fields classes are not 1380 01:00:09,660 --> 01:00:07,630 actually I would say the best place to 1381 01:00:12,390 --> 01:00:09,670 see early black holes because they tend 1382 01:00:14,400 --> 01:00:12,400 to be so rare and the frontier fields is 1383 01:00:16,890 --> 01:00:14,410 like a very narrow pencil beam looking 1384 01:00:18,810 --> 01:00:16,900 back into the early universe narrow or 1385 01:00:21,990 --> 01:00:18,820 even than the ultra deep field and the 1386 01:00:23,940 --> 01:00:22,000 other big surveys so if there are early 1387 01:00:25,350 --> 01:00:23,950 black holes but if we're very lucky we 1388 01:00:27,960 --> 01:00:25,360 might see them with the frontier field 1389 01:00:29,250 --> 01:00:27,970 but our better chance is to look at some 1390 01:00:31,890 --> 01:00:29,260 of the other big surveys we've been 1391 01:00:34,830 --> 01:00:31,900 doing like the cosmos survey and goods 1392 01:00:37,980 --> 01:00:34,840 and our candles because they spread out 1393 01:00:40,170 --> 01:00:37,990 more and so we tend to we tend to need a 1394 01:00:41,850 --> 01:00:40,180 big survey to find even just a few and 1395 01:00:43,830 --> 01:00:41,860 if Anton can I just can I just stop you 1396 01:00:46,410 --> 01:00:43,840 brief interruption here Jennifer 1397 01:00:47,760 --> 01:00:46,420 Jen Jen has to go she's got other 1398 01:00:50,880 --> 01:00:47,770 commitments I just wanted to break in 1399 01:00:56,730 --> 01:00:50,890 real fast as a janitor for being here 1400 01:01:02,610 --> 01:00:56,740 and your legacy she has to do so you may 1401 01:01:04,200 --> 01:01:02,620 thank you for attending and we're back 1402 01:01:06,330 --> 01:01:04,210 we're gonna be back for more updates on 1403 01:01:08,700 --> 01:01:06,340 this okay right you'll join us again 1404 01:01:10,350 --> 01:01:08,710 great yep sounds good 1405 01:01:14,130 --> 01:01:10,360 all right thank you Thank You Jan bye 1406 01:01:21,420 --> 01:01:14,140 bye okay Anton I'm sorry I'm done I have 1407 01:01:22,770 --> 01:01:21,430 to go alright so I guess yeah I guess so 1408 01:01:24,240 --> 01:01:22,780 I guess we are at the end of our time 1409 01:01:26,490 --> 01:01:24,250 when we should we should just probably 1410 01:01:28,140 --> 01:01:26,500 cut it here I'm afraid you have one 1411 01:01:32,010 --> 01:01:28,150 question that I really wanted answered 1412 01:01:34,110 --> 01:01:32,020 okay from YouTube and I cannot pronounce 1413 01:01:38,430 --> 01:01:34,120 his name so I'm just gonna share this up 1414 01:01:41,580 --> 01:01:38,440 on the window here there we go 1415 01:01:43,080 --> 01:01:41,590 is it purposes frontier fields is to 1416 01:01:45,210 --> 01:01:43,090 check whether the galaxies are 1417 01:01:48,270 --> 01:01:45,220 distributed and the ultra-deep field 1418 01:01:49,890 --> 01:01:48,280 around the sky is it better to just do 1419 01:01:53,160 --> 01:01:49,900 another ultra deep field at different 1420 01:01:56,660 --> 01:01:53,170 locations instead of deep fields around 1421 01:01:59,040 --> 01:01:56,670 new clusters or having it close to these 1422 01:02:01,860 --> 01:01:59,050 gravitational lens areas is that going 1423 01:02:05,470 --> 01:02:01,870 to affect the the deep fields that we 1424 01:02:09,950 --> 01:02:08,240 nobody we're doing both so we're doing 1425 01:02:12,140 --> 01:02:09,960 more of the deep fields and we're also 1426 01:02:13,910 --> 01:02:12,150 doing the lensing alongside of it so 1427 01:02:15,350 --> 01:02:13,920 we're observing even because right even 1428 01:02:17,120 --> 01:02:15,360 talked much about the parallel field 1429 01:02:22,310 --> 01:02:17,130 we're doing as well with these but 1430 01:02:23,990 --> 01:02:22,320 that's it is a tooth in there's a quick 1431 01:02:25,850 --> 01:02:24,000 answer to it that the parallel fields 1432 01:02:28,220 --> 01:02:25,860 are far enough away from the main 1433 01:02:30,770 --> 01:02:28,230 cluster that basically they are like 1434 01:02:32,630 --> 01:02:30,780 another ultra deep field there's a bit 1435 01:02:35,120 --> 01:02:32,640 of weak lensing so from the cluster but 1436 01:02:36,800 --> 01:02:35,130 not very much and so each parallel field 1437 01:02:39,380 --> 01:02:36,810 is basically like ultra deep field so 1438 01:02:41,060 --> 01:02:39,390 yes so we're basically getting six more 1439 01:02:42,620 --> 01:02:41,070 ultra deep field they're not quite as 1440 01:02:44,900 --> 01:02:42,630 deep as the original but they within 1441 01:02:46,430 --> 01:02:44,910 half a magnitude you know and in 1442 01:02:47,810 --> 01:02:46,440 addition we're getting this cluster so 1443 01:02:51,440 --> 01:02:47,820 we're getting a two-for-one basically 1444 01:02:53,900 --> 01:02:51,450 yeah official dynamo parlance what he's 1445 01:02:56,240 --> 01:02:53,910 talking about is cosmic variance and you 1446 01:02:57,590 --> 01:02:56,250 know that's exactly what we're doing by 1447 01:02:59,450 --> 01:02:57,600 getting all these different parallel 1448 01:03:02,300 --> 01:02:59,460 fields around different places in the 1449 01:03:05,330 --> 01:03:02,310 sky you know see how they're all normal 1450 01:03:06,890 --> 01:03:05,340 each one is compared to the rest that's 1451 01:03:16,790 --> 01:03:06,900 right only view your elephant through a 1452 01:03:19,300 --> 01:03:16,800 straw you kind of want to so what 1453 01:03:22,040 --> 01:03:19,310 they're talking about is imagine in the 1454 01:03:24,410 --> 01:03:22,050 field of view of the Hubble are two 1455 01:03:25,280 --> 01:03:24,420 cameras each looking in the same well 1456 01:03:27,740 --> 01:03:25,290 they're each looking in slightly 1457 01:03:28,970 --> 01:03:27,750 different areas of the image plane and 1458 01:03:32,240 --> 01:03:28,980 they're able to image at the exact same 1459 01:03:34,190 --> 01:03:32,250 time not only the cluster but the area 1460 01:03:35,390 --> 01:03:34,200 just adjacent to it in another camera 1461 01:03:37,940 --> 01:03:35,400 and as Jen was saying at the beginning 1462 01:03:41,030 --> 01:03:37,950 they come back to it and they rotate and 1463 01:03:42,230 --> 01:03:41,040 they use different cameras each time to 1464 01:03:45,320 --> 01:03:42,240 look at those things so that's what 1465 01:03:47,390 --> 01:03:45,330 that's the wavelength coverage yeah and 1466 01:03:49,700 --> 01:03:47,400 it's you think it's using the Hubble I 1467 01:03:51,680 --> 01:03:49,710 think in a pretty efficient way so guys 1468 01:03:55,250 --> 01:03:51,690 also as always it's great to talk 1469 01:03:57,440 --> 01:03:55,260 frontier fields Ultra Deep fields far 1470 01:03:58,850 --> 01:03:57,450 away things Dark Matter thank you so 1471 01:04:00,310 --> 01:03:58,860 much for joining us and giving us an 1472 01:04:04,040 --> 01:04:00,320 update you guys are doing great work 1473 01:04:06,020 --> 01:04:04,050 we're gonna look to get another oh well 1474 01:04:07,760 --> 01:04:06,030 can somebody come in just real fat Anton 1475 01:04:09,320 --> 01:04:07,770 I know you got to go so feel free if 1476 01:04:11,420 --> 01:04:09,330 you've got to go just you know go ahead 1477 01:04:14,900 --> 01:04:11,430 I just want to take a couple more 1478 01:04:16,760 --> 01:04:14,910 minutes and ask you know is there this 1479 01:04:18,080 --> 01:04:16,770 was scheduled for three years this 1480 01:04:22,220 --> 01:04:18,090 survey is it look like you 1481 01:04:24,620 --> 01:04:22,230 going to take that third year or not a 1482 01:04:27,530 --> 01:04:24,630 good question we've got a decision point 1483 01:04:29,750 --> 01:04:27,540 later this year actually about November 1484 01:04:31,370 --> 01:04:29,760 or so as to whether or not to do the 1485 01:04:33,790 --> 01:04:31,380 final two clusters we're certainly 1486 01:04:36,290 --> 01:04:33,800 committed to doing the first form and 1487 01:04:39,320 --> 01:04:36,300 why wouldn't lighter on this year yeah 1488 01:04:41,780 --> 01:04:39,330 why wouldn't we if Hubble keeps going if 1489 01:04:43,850 --> 01:04:41,790 the community supports it if it's 1490 01:04:46,010 --> 01:04:43,860 interesting science it coming out then 1491 01:04:47,810 --> 01:04:46,020 sure it's it's actually it provides a 1492 01:04:50,360 --> 01:04:47,820 good motivation to do the last two I 1493 01:04:52,970 --> 01:04:50,370 think basically want to have to see 1494 01:04:55,220 --> 01:04:52,980 people like Lou find supernovae or see 1495 01:04:58,520 --> 01:04:55,230 people like Dan find audit of galaxies 1496 01:05:00,350 --> 01:04:58,530 they keep doing that good stuff then 1497 01:05:02,510 --> 01:05:00,360 that provides a good incentive for us to 1498 01:05:03,680 --> 01:05:02,520 do the final two clusters and same for 1499 01:05:05,030 --> 01:05:03,690 the rest of the community - we're 1500 01:05:08,390 --> 01:05:05,040 throwing this wide open for the whole 1501 01:05:10,400 --> 01:05:08,400 community to to go and find things with 1502 01:05:12,710 --> 01:05:10,410 actually one thing it wasn't mentioned 1503 01:05:14,920 --> 01:05:12,720 we've got about almost what well over a 1504 01:05:17,060 --> 01:05:14,930 dozen almost approaching 20 different 1505 01:05:18,500 --> 01:05:17,070 scientific papers from different teams 1506 01:05:20,390 --> 01:05:18,510 in the community already that have been 1507 01:05:21,590 --> 01:05:20,400 submitted but are using the frontier 1508 01:05:22,910 --> 01:05:21,600 fuels to do different kinds of 1509 01:05:27,350 --> 01:05:22,920 discoveries so we're throwing it out 1510 01:05:29,690 --> 01:05:27,360 there is actually using using these data 1511 01:05:31,010 --> 01:05:29,700 so yeah I think if the community keeps 1512 01:05:33,350 --> 01:05:31,020 using it and keeps finding interesting 1513 01:05:36,050 --> 01:05:33,360 signs that would be a very strong case 1514 01:05:37,670 --> 01:05:36,060 for us to do the fun or two clusters yes 1515 01:05:39,110 --> 01:05:37,680 yeah so whilst I see you're being so 1516 01:05:40,820 --> 01:05:39,120 polite if you still got the community 1517 01:05:42,380 --> 01:05:40,830 support and everybody is you're still 1518 01:05:44,360 --> 01:05:42,390 getting good results everybody's you 1519 01:05:47,540 --> 01:05:44,370 know still thinks you should still be 1520 01:05:49,700 --> 01:05:47,550 doing it then you will I think it's not 1521 01:05:52,520 --> 01:05:49,710 just being polite I mean we really have 1522 01:05:54,770 --> 01:05:52,530 to you know undergo the assessment of 1523 01:05:58,420 --> 01:05:54,780 the community you have to prove that 1524 01:06:02,930 --> 01:06:00,590 want to comment that we've been talking 1525 01:06:05,180 --> 01:06:02,940 about the time allocation process which 1526 01:06:07,660 --> 01:06:05,190 is going on right now and each proposal 1527 01:06:10,430 --> 01:06:07,670 has maybe ten people that look at it 1528 01:06:13,550 --> 01:06:10,440 that's right your fields team has the 1529 01:06:16,220 --> 01:06:13,560 entire community looking at them right 1530 01:06:18,800 --> 01:06:16,230 so it's not just opinions and let me 1531 01:06:20,390 --> 01:06:18,810 tell you astronomers I know me if you 1532 01:06:22,700 --> 01:06:20,400 have ten astronomers in the room you 1533 01:06:24,560 --> 01:06:22,710 have a hundred ideas so you know 1534 01:06:28,970 --> 01:06:24,570 thousands of astronomers all looking at 1535 01:06:30,770 --> 01:06:28,980 the thousands of opinions of whether 1536 01:06:35,849 --> 01:06:30,780 this is worthwhile and so you try to get 1537 01:06:42,010 --> 01:06:39,220 it's a good thing because community is 1538 01:06:43,569 --> 01:06:42,020 behind the project which means that they 1539 01:06:45,819 --> 01:06:43,579 understand they have a vested interest 1540 01:06:47,829 --> 01:06:45,829 in it so there's there's a good flip 1541 01:06:50,109 --> 01:06:47,839 side it's right one thing that I would 1542 01:06:52,420 --> 01:06:50,119 add is that at least at the onset of the 1543 01:06:54,130 --> 01:06:52,430 project we were hoping that citizen 1544 01:06:55,480 --> 01:06:54,140 science might be an aspect of this and 1545 01:06:57,640 --> 01:06:55,490 we haven't really been exploiting that 1546 01:06:59,020 --> 01:06:57,650 too much but when we say community we're 1547 01:07:01,120 --> 01:06:59,030 thinking of not just astronomers from 1548 01:07:03,310 --> 01:07:01,130 the of the public as well helping out 1549 01:07:05,650 --> 01:07:03,320 with the effort we will that's in that's 1550 01:07:08,020 --> 01:07:05,660 in progress as you as you complete the 1551 01:07:08,920 --> 01:07:08,030 observations on the first - yeah he 1552 01:07:10,420 --> 01:07:08,930 brings up a good point 1553 01:07:11,890 --> 01:07:10,430 all of these data are available on the 1554 01:07:14,349 --> 01:07:11,900 archive you could just log in and get 1555 01:07:17,470 --> 01:07:14,359 them yourselves and and Carol and I will 1556 01:07:19,630 --> 01:07:17,480 be talking a lot more about the time 1557 01:07:20,980 --> 01:07:19,640 allocation process of Hubble and not 1558 01:07:24,550 --> 01:07:20,990 next week's hangout but the one after 1559 01:07:27,460 --> 01:07:24,560 and the or no maybe it's two Hangouts 1560 01:07:30,160 --> 01:07:27,470 from now and then there's the the issue 1561 01:07:32,859 --> 01:07:30,170 of other collaborators for frontier 1562 01:07:35,260 --> 01:07:32,869 fields Carol I want to organize another 1563 01:07:36,640 --> 01:07:35,270 hangout to discuss with them some of the 1564 01:07:39,040 --> 01:07:36,650 ways in which they're using frontier 1565 01:07:41,890 --> 01:07:39,050 fields data so that's all coming down 1566 01:07:44,200 --> 01:07:41,900 the pipeline so stay tuned guys thank 1567 01:07:46,089 --> 01:07:44,210 you all for joining us and Ray it was 1568 01:07:48,190 --> 01:07:46,099 great to have you thank you Norman 1569 01:07:50,200 --> 01:07:48,200 Anton as always it's great to have you 1570 01:07:51,910 --> 01:07:50,210 and Dan your rock star thank you I 1571 01:07:53,950 --> 01:07:51,920 thought of dark matter questions for you 1572 01:07:55,900 --> 01:07:53,960 at some point we should get another 1573 01:07:57,400 --> 01:07:55,910 hangout with you because I want about 1574 01:07:58,809 --> 01:07:57,410 some other things I've learned and we'll 1575 01:08:00,819 --> 01:07:58,819 talk more about the results coming out 1576 01:08:02,770 --> 01:08:00,829 of this program it's exactly absolutely 1577 01:08:04,440 --> 01:08:02,780 we got a lot more hangouts got a lot 1578 01:08:07,660 --> 01:08:04,450 more to learn from frontier fields so 1579 01:08:09,339 --> 01:08:07,670 and Carol Scott thank you as always for 1580 01:08:10,680 --> 01:08:09,349 for helping me and for doing this with 1581 01:08:13,240 --> 01:08:10,690 me it's so much fun to have you here 1582 01:08:15,730 --> 01:08:13,250 absolutely I wanted to add also the 1583 01:08:18,370 --> 01:08:15,740 Thayer life there are a lot of other 1584 01:08:20,470 --> 01:08:18,380 people also involved and then the 1585 01:08:22,450 --> 01:08:20,480 relatively few numbers that you've seen 1586 01:08:24,340 --> 01:08:22,460 here there are a lot of people doing 1587 01:08:25,959 --> 01:08:24,350 this as well that's right there's a 1588 01:08:27,340 --> 01:08:25,969 collaboration and we're gonna we're 1589 01:08:28,840 --> 01:08:27,350 gonna keep trying but we're gonna keep 1590 01:08:30,430 --> 01:08:28,850 coming back and giving you more of a 1591 01:08:32,559 --> 01:08:30,440 sense of different aspects of this 1592 01:08:34,180 --> 01:08:32,569 program as well so this is our third 1593 01:08:35,709 --> 01:08:34,190 frontier fields hangout we certainly 1594 01:08:38,170 --> 01:08:35,719 won't be our last so you'll learn a lot 1595 01:08:39,760 --> 01:08:38,180 more about the different parts of it so 1596 01:08:41,800 --> 01:08:39,770 guys I hope you like this hub we'll hang 1597 01:08:44,620 --> 01:08:41,810 out the next one we're having next week 1598 01:08:45,490 --> 01:08:44,630 speaking of ultra-deep fields they've 1599 01:08:47,620 --> 01:08:45,500 added to it 1600 01:08:50,950 --> 01:08:47,630 they've added another wavelength to the 1601 01:08:52,630 --> 01:08:50,960 ultra-deep field of the UV ultraviolet 1602 01:08:55,180 --> 01:08:52,640 so we're going to talk with the people 1603 01:08:57,670 --> 01:08:55,190 who made that image and discuss more 1604 01:08:59,380 --> 01:08:57,680 things very very far away and when you 1605 01:09:04,269 --> 01:08:59,390 stare at nothing what do you see with 1606 01:09:04,900 --> 01:09:04,279 the Hubble answer is quite a bit all 1607 01:09:06,820 --> 01:09:04,910 right folks 1608 01:09:08,260 --> 01:09:06,830 on behalf of Christian and Scott loads I